1. BELLRINGER C: Voice Level-0 H: Raise your hand for help.
Take out your homework, page 5 in workbook
Take out your note sheet.
Review continents and oceans for the quiz tomorrow
CHAMPS
C: Voice Level-0
H: Raise your hand for help.
A: Complete the bell ringer, using complete sentences.
M: Stay seated.
P: Sit up straight, stay focused, do not disturb your classmates.
S: SUCCESS!

2. Geographer’s Tools

3. The Geographer’s Tools
Maps and Globes:
As people explored the Earth, they collected information about it.
Mapmakers wanted to present this information correctly.
The best way was to put it on a globe

4. Maps and Globes
But because globes are not practical or easy to use or to carry, flat maps were invented.
However, the earth is round and a map is flat.
Mapmakers had to find ways to make maps accurate.

5. Globes and Maps Globes - Advantages
A globe - round ball like the Earth itself.
A globe is the most accurate way to present information about the Earth
The only difference between a globe and the Earth itself is the scale

6. Globes - Disadvantages
They cannot be large enough to show detail while being small enough to carry
They are not portable

7. Maps have advantages They can show more detail
They can be folded making them more portable
You can look at more information all at once

8. Maps try to show the Earth, which is round, on a flat surface.
Maps have Disadvantages
Maps try to show the Earth, which is round, on a flat surface.
This causes distortion, or a loss of accuracy of the shapes and distances of places.
It is impossible to show the Earth on a flat surface without some distortion.

9. The Parts of a Map Title What the map is about Compass Rose
A compass rose is a model of a compass. It tells the cardinal directions.
Scale
The scale on a map tells you the relative distance on the map to the real world. For example, a map’s scale may tell you that one inch on the map equals one mile in the real world.

10. Key
The key, or legend, on a map explains what the symbols and colors on a map represent
Grids
System of latitude and longitude that helps you find location

11. Getting It All On the Map
In 1569, a geographer named Gerardus Mercator created a flat map to help sailors navigate long journeys across the globe.
The Mercator projection, or method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper, is used by nearly all deep-sea navigators.
The Mercator projection is a conformal map, meaning that it shows correct shapes, but not true distances or sizes.
There are many types of other projections of the globe.

12. Getting It All on the Map
Today, geographers collect information from many different sources to add details to maps and make them more accurate
Three major sources of information are ground surveys, aerial photography, and satellite images

13. The World: Three Projections
Interrupted Projection
There are many ways to show a globe on a flat map. The interrupted projection map, on the left, shows real sizes and shapes of continents. The equal area map , below left, shows size accurately. The Peters projection, below, shows land and oceans areas and correct directions accurately
Peters Projection
Equal-Area Projection

14. The World: A Robinson Projection

15. How Latitude and Longitude Form the Global Grid

16. The Hemispheres Hemisphere – Half of the Earth
The Prime Meridian creates the Eastern and Western hemispheres

17. The Hemispheres
The Equator creates the Northern and Southern hemispheres

18. Geography Cardinal Direction Sphere Longitude Latitude
In-Class Assignments
Task 1
Answer the following questions on your own paper
What do geographers study?
Based on the diagrams of the hemispheres in the presentation or textbook, in which two hemispheres do you live?
Task 2
Use each of the following words in a sentence without using the definition:
Geography Cardinal Direction Sphere Longitude Latitude