1. Building Models and Building Modelling
Research Presentation
Theoretical Foundation
Aalborg University – Associate prof. Kaj A. Jørgensen Aarhus School of Architecture – Associate prof. Jørn Skauge
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

2. Introduction The ”Sorthøj-project”
Launch of research about building modelling
Support from ”Boligfonden Kuben”
Research work performed – two research methodologies
Work on Sorthøj modelling – explorative research
Modelling tools have been studied
Modelling work has been carried out – problems, experiences, etc.
Study of modelling methodologies
Work on the report – deductive research
Identification and description of theoretical foundation
Deduction of theories about building modelling
Primary building modelling activities
Building modelling framework
Some consequences for building modelling in practice
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

3. Presentation Outline
Problems about building models and building modelling
Redundant data in building construction projects
Need for one united building model
Building modelling is more than 3D modelling
Theoretical foundation for models
Generic model component
attributes and internal structure
Modelling matrix
Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach
Discussion
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

4. Presentation Outline
Problems about building models and building modelling
Redundant data in building construction projects
Need for one united building model
Building modelling is more than 3D modelling
Theoretical foundation for models
Generic model component
attributes and internal structure
Modelling matrix
Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach
Discussion
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

5. Problems about building models and building modelling
Descriptions and drawings are primarily document based
Prepared by IT tools but printed and distributed
Drawings are slowly moving from 2D to 3D
2D is more difficult to interpret than 3D
Descriptions and drawings exist in multiple copies
Problems with data maintenance – all copies must be updated
Redundant data will often lead to inconsistency
Inconsistent data causes wrong decisions
Databases have been the solution to these problems for 30 years
Redundancy handled by structuring information and data
Data represented according to a well prepared data model
Maintenance operations are supported by integrity constraints
Concurrency issues are handled by transaction management
What is needed?
Building model represented as one united model – Model servers
Modelling tools and applications must work with model servers
No distribution of data – users select data when needed
Data is authorised according to work flow and extracted by end users
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

6. Physical Building and Computer-Based Building Model
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

7. Data Extractions and Presentation Forms
Augmented reality
Virtual reality
Graphs
Picture
Lists
Planned flight/tour
Hierarchies
Tables
Scale model – 3D print
Etc.
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

8. Physical Building and Building Model
Building and model have separate lives
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

9. Building Modelling, Analysis and Simulation
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

10. Data Exchange – Building Model Representation
Data exchange based on file
Building Model Represented as One United Model
Data exchange through model server
Data maintenance versus data extraction
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

11. Presentation Outline
Problems about building models and building modelling
Redundant data in building construction projects
Need for one united building model
Building modelling is more than 3D modelling
Theoretical foundation for models
Generic model component
attributes and internal structure
Modelling matrix
Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach
Discussion
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

12. Two Kinds of Models
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

13. Abstraction Level versus Modelling Approach
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

14. Space Concept: User Spaces + Construction Spaces
User spaces and construction spaces are complementary to each other
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

15. Generic Model Component
Concepts to clarify:
Object
Object-orientation
Component
Building Information Model
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

16. Component Type and Component Instances
Component types
Primary content of information models
Identification - definition - specification
Attributes - name, data type, constraints
Relationship types
reference types
collection types
can be defined by special attributes
Components
Generated from types
Indefinite number of instances
Structures
Based on relationship types
Access paths to objects
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

17. Wall Object: Attributes and Relationships betw. Objects
Relationships between objects
Objects represented in a data structure
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

18. Different modelling approaches
Modelling Matrix
Different modelling approaches
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

19. Traditional Phases of 3D Building Modelling
ProIT – Finland
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

20. Presentation Outline
Problems about building models and building modelling
Redundant data in building construction projects
Need for one united building model
Building modelling is more than 3D modelling
Theoretical foundation for models
Generic model component
attributes and internal structure
Modelling matrix
Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach
Discussion
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design

21. The End
Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design