1. Miguel Ángel López Latin American Studies 2017
Big in Brazil
Miguel Ángel López
Latin American Studies
2017

2. Brazil

3. Brazil

4. Portugal - Spain

5. Treaties
Treaty of Alcáçovas Portugal: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde
Castilla: Canary Islands
1481 Portugal: South Canary Islands  Africa
Inter caetera Pope Alexander VI
Treaty of Tordesillas World: Western part exclusive to Spain and the east part to Portugal.
Treaty of Zaragoza Asia

6. Treaty of Tordesillas

7. Tordesillas

8. Portugal- Vasco da Gama

9. Portuguese Empire

10. Spanish Empire (+ Iberian Union 1581-1640)

11. King Manuel I of Portugal.
An expedition to India.
13 ships left on March 9, 1500, following the route of Vasco da Gama.
On April 22, 1500, he sighted land (Brazil), claiming it for Portugal and naming it the "Island of the True Cross.“
Brazil (pau brasil)
Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and then continued on his way to India

12. Pedro Álvares Cabral

13. Pedro Álvares Cabral

14. Pau Brasil (Brazilwood)

15. Slavery

16. SUGAR CANE Portuguese cultivate sugar on the east coast of Brazil.
Growing number of sugar plantations demanded more workers.
Amerindian population had become smaller.
Labor shortage  import slaves from Africa into Brazil to work on the plantations.

17. Maroons = escaped slaves
Maroons  QUILOMBOS
Maroons = escaped slaves
Formed communities like those they were forced to leave in Africa  Quilombos
Famous one: Palmares (1/2 1600)fought off several attempts by Portuguese and Dutch colonizers to destroy it.
BAHIA

18. Tiradentes (1746 - 21.4.1792) José Joaquim da Silva Xavier

19. Branqueamento
Brazil  one of the last countries to end the slave trade and slavery.
The Brazilian economy depended on African slave labor.
1850: Brazil abolished the trade in slaves in 1850
1888: All slaves in Brazil were set free.
Racial discrimination.
Branqueamento = Whitening  to make the people of Brazil more white, and less black.
Brazil did not allow non-Europeans into the country.
Cultural branqueamento.

20. Decline of the sugar industry in the 17th century Portuguese colonizers operating on the coast of Brazil go inland they found gold and diamonds
Photo: Sebastiao Salgado, 1986
Gold Mine of Serra Pelada, Federal State of Para.

21. Cattle & Coffee

22. ECONOMY, PERIODS A case: Soybean
1. timber (Pau Brasil) in the first years of colonization
2. sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
3. precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century;
4. coffee and cattle in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
5. land rich in natural resources principally iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil, and timber.

23. The Sambadrome (Sambódromo)