1. Ch.23: Independence & Development in the Global South

2. Big Idea: Some colonies negotiated their independence.
Really Big Idea: Europe dominated the global and political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new states by the century’s end.
Big Idea: Some colonies negotiated their independence.
India from the British
The Gold Coast from the British
French West Africa

3. Big Idea: Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle.
Algeria from France
Vietnam from France
Angola from Portugal
These are “femmes” who fought for the French against the Algerians. About 11,000 women fought in the war, on both sides.
Most Algerian women that fought returned to their normal gender roles after the war.

4. Really Big Idea: Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires and the restructuring of states.
Big Idea: Nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa challenged imperial rule.
Indian National Congress
Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (modern Vietnam)
Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (modern Ghana)

6. Big Idea: Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged both colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah in British India

7. Really Big Idea: Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
Big Idea: The redrawing of old colonial boundaries led to population displacement and resettlements.
India/Pakistan partition
Zionist Jewish settlement in Palestine
Division of the Middle East into mandatory states

8. Big Idea: The migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (the former colonizing country, usually in the major cities) maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony and the metropole even after the dissolution of empires.
South Asians to Britain (about 2.1% of population)
Algerians to France (about 3.1% of population)
Filipinos to the U.S.

9. Big Idea: Groups and individuals, including the non-aligned movement, opposed and promoted alternatives to the existing economic, political, and social orders.
Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa
Tiananmen Square protests

11. Students in Beijing led pro-democracy protests
The government attacked and many protestors were killed

12. Big Idea: In newly independent states after WWII, governments often took a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.
Nasser’s promotion of economic development of Egypt
Nationalized and divided land along the Nile to peasants
Nationalized the Suez Canal Company (European-owned)