1. Mr. Nestlebush Pre-Ap world history ’15 – ‘16
Golden Age of Greece
Mr. Nestlebush
Pre-Ap world history ’15 – ‘16

2. Warm-up Why did the Persians attack Greece?
What famous battle started the Persian wars?
Who were the father and son that led Persia during the Persian wars?

3. Objectives Standard WHI.5
Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:
Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles
Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War
Essential Questions:
Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?
What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization?
Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?

4. Setting the stage Athens just out of Persian wars
Leading member of Delian league
Led to Golden Age
Drama
Sculpture
Poetry
Philosophy
Architecture
Science

5. Pericles’s three goals for Athens
Led Athens through Golden Age
B.C.E.
Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general
Three goals
Strengthen Athenian democracy
Hold and strengthen the empire
Glorify Athens

6. Strengthen Athenian Democracy
Increased # of public officials
Only wealthy could hold office before because positions were unpaid
Increased paid salaries
Made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history
Introduction of direct democracy
Citizens rule directly and not through representatives
Males who served in the assembly established all important policies

7. Golden Age of Athens Direct democracy
Large number of citizens involved with government (mass meetings)
Most Adult males had an equal voice
Assembly was strong, 43,000 members
Meetings every 10 days on a hillside
Only 6,000 present
Paid a stipend to men who held public office- meant even poor could take part

8. Democracy
Created Juries
10 generals ran day to day affairs
Practiced Ostracism
Protected Athens from over-ambitious politicians
Could banish them from Athens
Bannished for 10 years

9. Hold and Strengthen Athenian Empire
Pericles wanted to enlarge wealth and power of Athens
Used money from Delian league to build Navy
Strengthened safety of empire
Prosperity depended on waterways
Needed overseas trade to obtain grain and other raw materials

10. Glorification of Athens
Used money to beautify Athens
Buy gold, ivory, and marble
Used to build
Parthenon
Pay artisans

12. Spartans and Athens Go to War
Sparta attacks:
Sparta invades Athens
Burned countryside and food supply
Pericles had everyone come into city behind wall
Problems for Athens:
Plague in 432 B.C.E.
Navy defeated when they attacked Spartan ally Syracuse in 413 B.C.E.
Sparta declared war on Athens 431 B.C.E.
Called Peloponnesian War
Advantages:
Athens: Navy
Sparta: Infantry

14. History: Thucydides account of the war Set example for historians
Consequences
War continued for 9 years until Athens surrendered
27 years of war
Athens loses empire
Confidence in democratic government wanes
Greece weakening, while Macedonia is rising to power
History: Thucydides account of the war
Set example for historians
Condemned atrocities
Objective approach

15. Philosophers Search for Truth
Lovers of wisdom
Determined to seek truth
Based on two assumptions
Universe was put together in orderly way and subject to unchanging laws
People can understand through logic and reason
Sophists
Questioned unexamined beliefs
Protagoras- questioned existence of Greek Gods
Said no universal truth
Three famous philosophers
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

16. Socrates Beliefs: Absolute standards for truth and justice
Question yourself and moral character
Socratic method
Quote:
“the unexamined life is not worth living”
Trial:
At age 70 brought to trial for “corrupting the youths of Athens”
Argued his defense
Was condemned to death

17. Plato Student of Socrates Wrote The Republic
His vision of a perfect society
Not a democracy
Three groups:
Artisans, warriors, ruling class
Ruled by philosopher-king
Lasting Importance
Dominated European philosophical thought for 1,500 years

18. Plato Inspired by Socrates death Set up a school called “the Academy”
Emphasized reason
What is reality?
What is good?
Men smarter than women
Women should be educated to serve state

19. Aristotle Beliefs: Famous student:
Questioned nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge
Invented method of arguing
Applied method to psychology, physics, and biology
Basis of scientific method
Famous student:
Alexander the Great

20. Aristotle Good and bad examples of all governments
Suspicious of democracy
Favored strong single ruler
Should pursue the “golden mean”
Introduced the thought processes of natural science and the observation of nature into the history of ideas
Set up a school, the Lyceum, studied all branches of knowledge

21. Standard WHI.5 Essential Questions: Revisit Objectives
Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:
Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles
Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War
Essential Questions:
Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?
What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization?
Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?