2. 11.21/ Tue/Mon
warm-up: Don’t smoke, kids. But let’s nevertheless logically prove why you should smoke one brand of cigarettes over another.
activity 1: inductive and deductive notes and practice
discussion: Grades? Are they really important? And can we apply today’s notes about induction and deduction to that article about grades? (Psssssst. We totally can.)
activity 3: Toulmin model BPs and you
close: AP MC? Man, I hope so. I guess we’ll find out.
HW DUE: “Grades Are Not Paramount.” In tracker #2 as “grades.”
HW Tonight: Hand turkey.
Upcoming:
11.28/11.29: Final rough draft due
11.28/11.29: begin argumentation bootcamp
12.4/12.5: vocab. 5 due
12.6/12.7: bootcamp due (50 formal)
12.14/12.15: grad paper due!
12.18/12.19: grammar 3
: Winter break
1.3/1.4: argumentation FRQ (formal)
1.12: 1st block midterm (argumentation test)
1.16: 2ND block midterm
1.17: 3rd block midterm
1.18: 4th block midterm
1.23/1.24: Begin diction/syntax/tone unit
1.23/1.24: Ch. 1 of Gatsby due
5.16: AP Lang test

3. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
Today, we’ll look at syllogistic logic and induction and deduction.
You sort of know these terms already, but I’ll clarify stuff today.
The following is a brief introduction to syllogistic logic.
What’s wrong here?

4. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and ads
In a cigarette, taste makes the difference and Luckies taste better!
The different between “just smoking” and really enjoying your smoke is the taste of a cigarette.
You can taste the difference in the smoother, mellower, more enjoyable taste of a Lucky and for two important reasons.
First, L.S./M.F.T—Lucky Strike means fine tobacco fine, mild tobacco that tastes better. There’s no substitute and don’t let anybody tell you different.
Second, Luckies are made to taste better. A month- after-month cigarette comparison, measuring those important factors of workmanship that affect the taste of cigarettes proves Lucky Strick is the best made of all five principal brands.
That’s a fact—established by The Research Laboratory of The American Tobacco Company—and verified by leading independent lab consultants.
Two tasks for you today.

5. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and ads
TASK 1: Identify the rhetorical triangle in this ad.
TASK 2: Identify three cases of specific evidence (grounds). What conclusion (phrased as a “should” statement) do those grounds lead to?
SPECIFIC GROUNDS: Fine tobacco that creates a smoother, mellower taste
SPECIFIC GROUNDS: Made to taste better
SPECIFIC GROUNDS: Verified by some phony lab
CONCLUSION: You should totally smoke Lucky Strikes.
This is induction.

6. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and ads
Let’s try it deductively. Think of deduction as working in reverse of induction.
STATEMENT 1: The most general of the three statements. Usually helpful to phrase as an “All people something something” statement.
GROUNDS: Moving to specific. Evidence to support the claim.
CLAIM: Begin by saying “Therefore...” This is the most specific and tells people what they should do.

7. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and ads
STATEMENT 1: All smokers prefer smooth, mellow tobacco.
GROUNDS: Luckies have smooth, mellow tobacco.
CLAIM: You should totally smoke Luckies.
Wait a second, Kampolmi . . .
Don’t smoke, kids. It’s, like, totally bad for you.

8. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and ads
Do you even lift, bro?
Is Socrates dead???
And did he smoke Lucky Strikes???
Yes, that was a syllogism.
MAJOR PREMISE: All smokers prefer smooth, mellow tobacco.
MINOR PREMISE: Luckies have smooth, mellow tobacco.
CONCLUSION: You should totally smoke Luckies.

9. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
In using argumentation, you move from evidence to conclusion in two basic ways.
The two kinds of logos are:
Induction (inductive reasoning)
Deduction (deductive reasoning) (a syllogism)
Induction: move from the specific to the general.
Deduction: moves from the general to a specific.
But even this is tricky. How about this?

10. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
You should see that BOTH of these models can be used in a Toulmin Model BPs.
Depending on the task you want to accomplish, either can be applied.

11. 11.21/11.27 activity: Inductive or Deductive?
So let’s keep playing this game.
All AP kids are smart, and Josh Martin is an AP kid, so I guess he’s smart.
I never liked sushi before, but I ate sushi at this restaurant today and it was delicious! I wonder if all sushi from all restaurants is similarly delicious?
In Chicago last month, a nine-year-old boy died of an asthma attack while waiting for emergency aid. After their ambulance was pelted by rocks in an earlier incident, city paramedics wouldn’t risk entering the Dearborn Homes Project (where the boy lived) without a police escort. Thus, based on this example, one could reason that the nine- year-old boy died as a result of having to wait for emergency treatment.

12. 11.21/11.27 activity: Induction or Deduction?
All AP kids are smart, and Josh Martin is an AP kid, so I guess he’s smart.
I never liked sushi before, but I ate sushi at this restaurant today and it was delicious! I wonder if all sushi from all restaurants is similarly delicious?
In Chicago last month, a nine-year-old boy died of an asthma attack while waiting for emergency aid. After their ambulance was pelted by rocks in an earlier incident, city paramedics wouldn’t risk entering the Dearborn Homes Project (where the boy lived) without a police escort. Thus, based on this example, one could reason that the nine- year-old boy died as a result of having to wait for emergency treatment.
Deductive. It’s even in the form of a syllogism. It starts generally and then narrows down to the specific. (And, yes, you’re correct that this is a “sweeping generalization.”)
Induction. A specific is cited. From that specificity, a general conclusion is drawn.
Induction. Again, a very specific example and a general conclusion is drawn.
Let’s see if we can apply out, but first I’d like to know the extent to which you agree with Lamb-Sinclair’s claims from “Grades Are Not Paramount.”

13. 11.21/11.27 discussion: Grades
Are grades (getting good grades, the threat of getting a bad grade) a motivating factor for you? Why or why not?
What is more important to you in your school work? Learning something novel or receiving a good grade? (In other words, do you value the process above the product?)
Do grades accurately reflect your learning?
What is your current ranking (by GPA) in the junior class?

14. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and grades
Gather specific evidence that supports, inductively, why Lamb- Sinclair concluded that she should eliminate grades for six weeks.
What is the deductive reasoning (what deductive process) Lamb- Sinclair go through before reaching the conclusion to eliminate grades for six weeks?

15. 11.21/11.27 activity: Logic and grades
I may be dead, but I can still kick your butt
Gather specific evidence that supports, inductively, why Lamb- Sinclair concluded that she should eliminate grades for six weeks.
GROUNDS (ETHOS): “Research shows that [grades] prevents [authentic reflection]” (2-3)
GROUNDS (LOGOS). “Quantitative grades diminish student interest” (3).
GROUNDS (PATHOS): Work “distilled down to a data point” frustrates teacher motivation (12).
What is the deductive reasoning (what deductive process) did Lamb-Sinclair go through before reaching the conclusion to eliminate grades for six weeks?
MAJOR: Teachers want students to be successful.
MINOR: Grades inhibit success.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, let’s try eliminating grades.
Also, Socrates is dead.

16. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
Ok. So this is fun and all, but how do we apply it?
Well . . .
Let me tell you guys about symbolic logic.

18. Your argument needs to be logical, bro, or people can reject it. Bro.
11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
Nope.
That’s not how we’re applying it.
Why’s it important to be able to prove the logic of your argument?
Oh. Thanks, Brocrates.

19. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
What does it mean to have a logical argument, then?
“Arguments developed inductively can never said to be true or false, right or wrong. Instead, they are considered strong or weak.”
Inductive arguments, then, need to consider their own possible vulnerabilities.
Have you provided enough examples? Are the authorities you cited relevant and credible?
Inductive arguments, at the end of the day, are only probabilities, never certainties. But they’re reasonable probabilities.

20. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
Deduction provides an air of certainty provided the syllogism that is working beneath the surface is correct.
Look, for example, at this paragraph:
Exercise contributes to better health. There are certainly no health practitioners who could reasonably deny this. And yet, some doctors still don’t recognize meditation as a reasonable form of exercise. Medically, it seems to qualify as studies have showed that “meditation releases endorphin, lowers blood pressure and eases muscle tension” (“Meditation as Exercise”). This matches quite closely with the American Medical Association’s definition of the salubrious effects of jogging (Wayne). If the AMA is to be believed, the conclusion is obvious: Meditation contributes to better health.
Do you see the syllogistic logic at play here? Look again:

21. 11.21/11.27 notes: Logic
Exercise contributes to better health. There are certainly no health practitioners who could reasonably deny this. And yet, some doctors still don’t recognize meditation as a reasonable form of exercise. Medically, it seems to qualify as studies have showed that “meditation releases endorphin, lowers blood pressure and eases muscle tension” (“Meditation as Exercise”). This matches quite closely with the American Medical Association’s definition of the salubrious effects of jogging (Wayne). If the AMA is to be believed, the conclusion is obvious: Meditation contributes to better health.
Cool, huh? The problem is not all syllogistic logic works.
Sometimes it’s fallacious, amarite Brocrates???
BRO
BRO

22. 11.21/11.27 activity: Brocrates
I don’t have anything to say about that, but I’m glad it exists.
Let’s take a look at a few paragraphs from real life grad papers.
Break them up for Toulmin
Decide what type of clam is being used
Decide what type of warrant is being used
Is the paragraph logical? Do they work inductively or deductively?

23. CLOSE and HW 11.21/11.27 HW: CLOSE: None? Hooray!
Oh. Wait. Your final rough draft is due.
This should include:
The full scope of your argument (some BPs might be outlined; counterargument/refutation might be outlined)
Six minimum pages
Works Cited page
Graphic may or may not be included
CLOSE:
Create a Thanksgiving themed syllogism.
This makes a lot of sense for “A” block classes.
It makes less sense for “B” block classes.