1. The Scientific Revolution (Chapter 14 - Section 5)
Explain how astronomers change the way people viewed the universe.
What was the new scientific method.
How did Newton’s work link physics and astronomy?
What advances were made in chemistry and medicine?
Vocabulary:  heliocentric, gravity

2. After the Quiz… Quietly read pages 26-28 in your Study Guide.
Answer the questions at the bottom of page 28 in complete sentences!

3. Classwork: 3/31/17
Complete page 25 by describing each individual in your Unit 8 Study Guide once you are done with the quiz.
Use Chapter 14 Section 15 in the World History textbook to help!

4. Changing View of the World
In 1543, Polish scholar Nicolas Copernicus proposed a heliocentric, or sun-centered, model of the universe.
Most rejected this theory because it went against church teachings.
In the late 1500s, Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe provided evidence that supported Copernicus.
After his death, his assistant German mathematician Johannes Kepler made calculations that also supported Copernicus.
His theory was finally accepted by experts after Galileo Galilei’s invention called the telescope showed the observations were true.
He was condemned by the church as well.

5. Changing View of the World
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei

6. * The Scientific Method
Systematic approach to problem- solving. Characterized by distinct steps of hypothesis, experiment, observe, calculation, and conclusion. (page 366)

7. Newton Ties It All Together
By the age of 24, he developed a brilliant theory to explain why the planets moved as they did.
Using mathematics, he showed that a single force (gravity) keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun.
His laws were observed for over 200 years until the early 1900s.

8. Class Activity 4/3/17
1. Complete page 25 in your Study Guide (use Ch. 14 of your world history textbook to help!) 2. Read pages of your New Textbook and answer questions #3, 5, 6 on page 401 (bottom of page 28 in your Study Guide) 3. Complete page 30 – Study Guide

9. The Scientific Revolution
Copernicus
1543, Polish scholar, proposed heliocentric (sun-centered) model of universe
Galileo
1630s, Italian, used telescope to prove Copernicus’ theory
Newton
1687, English, Gravity, Inertia, Motion/Movement, Physics…
Bacon
English, Experimentation and Observation
Descartes
French, Human reasoning is the best way to understand, (use your brain!), “I think, therefore I am.”

10. Causes of the Scientific Revolution
The Renaissance fueled a rebirth of learning and inspired curiosity !
Astronomers and scholars began to question ideas that had been accepted for hundreds of years!
Reformation prompted followers to change accepted ideas!
The Printing Press!

11. III. Causes of the Scientific Revolution
Medieval Intellectual Life and Medieval Universities
The Italian Renaissance
Renewed emphasis on mathematics
Renaissance system of patronage
Navigational problems of long sea voyages
Better scientific instruments

12. I. The Aristotelian Universe
Derived from Ptolemy, Aristotle, and Plato
Classical Writings “Christianized”
Components of Medieval Cosmology
Medieval Physics
Belief in “Matter” and “Form”
Earth = Living, Protected Sphere

13. A. Copernicus (1473-1543) Heliocentric Theory Sun-centered universe
Believed that the EARTH TRAVELS AROUND THE SUN!
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)

14. D. Galileo Galilei ( )
Was famous for constructing a big telescope
He discovers mountains on the moon, sunspots, moons orbiting Jupiter
Gets locked up by Church
Threatened with Death, he recants his discoveries.

15. E. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Discovered Gravity
Argues for a universe governed by natural laws
Principia; Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)

16. F. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Stressed experimentation and observation!
Emphasis on practical, useful knowledge

17. G. Rene Descartes ( )
Believed in using human reasoning to find scientific truth
Father of “analytical geometry”

18. Jethro Tull Made scientific advancements in agriculture!
For example, created the seed drill!

19. IV. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution
Rise of the “Scientific Community”
--Royal Society of London (1662)
--Academy of Royal Sciences (1666)
The modern scientific method
A universe ordered according to natural laws

20. IV. Consequences of the Scientific Revolution (cont)
Laws discovered by human reason
“De-Spiritualized” and de-mystified the Universe
Mechanical View of the Universe
Deistic View of God
--God as the cosmic capitalist

21. More Scientific Advances
Chemistry:  Robert Boyle distinguished between individual elements and chemical compounds.
His work opened a modern chemical analysis of the composition of matter.
Medicine:  Andreas Vesalius published the first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy.
French physician Ambrose Pare, developed a new and more effective ointment for preventing infection.
English scholar William Harvey described the circulation of the blood for the first time.

22. Summary:
The Scientific Revolution was a time of profound change beginning in the mid-1500s that was shaped by a new way of thinking about the physical universe, and how the world around us works. 

23. Renaissance, Reformation, Revolution Review:
Humanism:
Focus on the world around us, how it works, and asking the question “why?”
Science & Technology:
Looking for an explanation of how/why things work, and how to improve them, scientific method, printing press
Art:
Realism, anatomy, shading, perspective
Literature:
“How To” books (The Prince), ideals, history. Human behavior, Shakespeare, …

24. Questions to Answer: Packet Review:
Define “Renaissance”
Why did it start in Italy?
What’s Humanism? How did it “fuel” the Renaissance?
Who’s Machiavelli? What’d he write? What’d it say?
Martin Luther (Protest & Reform)?
What’s the deal with the Printing Press?
Explain the Scientific Method.
Who are: the Medici’s, da Vinci, Shakespeare, Henry VIII, Galileo, Newton, Descartes, Bacon …
Packet Review:
All Multiple Choice Review Questions at the end of the packet
Book Review
Page 369 “Analyzing Tables” #1-3
Page 368 “Reviewing Facts”  #1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10

25. Chapter 14 Review: 4c European Renaissance
Prentice Hall (Textbook) Site:
Chapter 13 Assessment
Quizlet
“Mrs-Vona”
Regentsprep.org
Multiple Choice Questions for the following Sections:
4c European Renaissance
4d Reformation & Counter-Reformation
6a Scientific Revolution
* More importantly: Look at the Renaissance review section under “Golden Ages” and the Reformation & Scientific Revolution reviews under “Change/Turning Points”

26. Book Review Page 369 “Analyzing Tables” #1-3
Page 368 “Reviewing Facts”
#1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 10