1. World Health Organization
6 September, 2018
Air pollution –
the solutions
Annette Prüss-Ustün
Air Pollution Symposium, November 2017, Istanbul

2. World Health Organization
Solutions for better air and health London's vision & strategy (extract)
6 September, 2018
London joined the Breathelife campaign in 2017.
Implement "Healthy streets" to make street pleasant for pedestrians
Target: 80% of all trips on foot, by cycle or by public transport by 2041 (current: 64%).
Phase out pure diesel double deck buses by 2018.
New taxi licenses from 2018 will be "zero emission".
All cars zero-emission by 2040.
Introduce a £10 toxicity charge to oldest and most polluting vehicles.
Improve energy efficiency in buildings.
Replace and repair inefficient and broken boilers.
London will be a carbon-free city by 2050.

3. China Air pollution in 13th Five Year Plan for economic development Examples
Decrease in PM2.5 emissions by 25%
Reduce emissions from coal burning.
Control coal consumption and replace coal.
Implement cleaner and more efficient coal burning methods.
Reduce vehicle emissions.
Eliminate highly polluting cars.
Control the number of cars.
Improve traffic management.
Increase electrical energy production, with increased support for wind, solar, and bio power sectors.
Promote the use of waste straw as a resource; reduce field burning.
Promote clean production.
Yana Jin et.al. 2016, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health

4. World Health Organization
Solutions to reduce air pollution and improve health Process for implementing reductions in emissions
6 September, 2018
Create a mechanism that facilitates the implementation of cross- sector action with the aim to reduce health impacts from air pollution.
The health sector should take a leading role and coordinate action.
The process should involve all relevant ministries (transport, energy, housing, agriculture…).
The mechanism should be implemented at highest level (above Ministries).

5. World Health Organization
Solutions to reduce air pollution and improve health Transport & urban planning
6 September, 2018
Efficient mass transit & walking and cycling paths
Reduced pollution, noise, road traffic accident and increased equity
Emission standards, soot-free vehicles
Create "Healthy streets" – pleasant and safe streets for pedestrians
Healthy urban planning
Reduced need for transportation, improved physical activity, air quality

6. Energy-efficient housing.
Solutions to reduce air pollution and improve health Household air & energy supply
Energy-efficient housing.
Passive building design principles.
Access to clean energy and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting.
Renewable power supply.
Energy conservation.
Diesel replacement for vehicles and engines.

7. Renewable power supply Diesel and coal replacement
Solutions to reduce air pollution and improve health Industry & waste management
Renewable power supply
Diesel and coal replacement
Industrial emission control
Improve industrial efficiency.
Reduce coal consumption.
Promote upgrade of economic transition.
Foster the environmental industry and promote innovative development.
Improved urban waste management
Ex.: Landfill gas recovery
No open burning

8. World Health Organization
Urban policies that fulfil multiple objectives Focus : main sources of pollutants
6 September, 2018
Transport
Waste burning
Home energy
Buildings
Land use plans
Industry
Health benefits from improving
Air pollution
Injuries
Physical activity
Noise
Diet
Air and Climate pollutant reductions

9. Health Sector Role Convey the health burden.
Provide leadership in health matters related to air pollution.
Convene different sectors to address public health issues.
Weave in action on health determinants into disease control strategies.
Support improved standards.
Conduct health-based assessments.
Protect those at risk (people with heart/ lung diseases, diabetes, elderly, children).
Reduce exposure and consider avoiding exertion.
Advocate for monitoring.
The health sector has a duty to:
Protect children, who do not have a voice
Use existing PH knowledge to inform decisions
Help ensure best use of resources – invest where the benefits are greater
Help reduce health inequity through public policies
Health matters to all sectors and to the economy

10. Conclusions
Many solutions are available – cities, countries are already implementing them.
Solutions are often win-win
Multiple benefits, including better air, less noise, more pleasant streets, higher physical activity, quicker transit.
Economically forward looking: foster innovation and development of "green technologies"
The health sector has a key leadership role to play
Educate.
Influence adequate policy development.
Advocate for monitoring.