1. ENGLISH PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY
Week 9

2. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
Stress
Stressed vs unstressed syllables
Characteristics: intensity
pitch
vowel quality
vowel duration

3. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
Stressed vs unstressed syllables
Loudness less loudness
Changed pitch following previous one
Any vowel *(but Schwa) usually schwa & short u
Full length short vowels

4. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
Primary vs secondary stress? /’/
Language invariable stress (e.g. Italian)
Penultimate syllable (e.g. Madonna)
Lexically-designated stress (e.g. English)
- Stress fixed for individual words (lexemes)

5. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
*General guidelines
Di and trisyllabic words – the first syllable is stressed, e.g. hesitate, colourful, etc.
Polysyllabic words (>4) – antepenultimate syllable, e.g. communicate
Words with prefixes – stress after the prefix, e.g. unmark

6. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
*General guidelines
Suffixes: stressed & attracting stress in the preceding syllable, e.g. employee, picturesque, kitchenette, mountaineer, etc.; inflation, initiative, productive, productivity, courageous, proficiency, etc.
Compounds – 2 elements; IEL, FEL

7. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
*General guidelines
Compounds – 2 elements; IES, FES
IES-
those written as one word – e.g. bookcase;
nouns with “room” – e.g. dining room;
non-manufactured notions – e.g. paper clip;

8. Week 9 – Sounds in Contact 2
*General guidelines
Compounds – 2 elements; IEL, FEL
FES –
manufactured notions – e.g. apple pie;
Location-related notions – e.g. Fifth Avenue, Trafalgar Square, etc.