1. Getting Students Through
The Cellular Membrane

2. Workshop Learning Objectives
Educators attending this workshop will:
Utilize tools that can support the NGSS student learning outcomes of three dimensional lesson design including -
Water Kit© to model the polar nature of water
Phospholipid Modeling Set© to observe the similarities and differences in phospholipid structure
Phospholipid and Membrane Transport Kit © to construct and cross the cell membrane
3D Printed Models to transfer between various model types
Learn something new and interesting that is for your own professional development.
HAVE FUN!

3. Workshop Learning Objectives
What NGSS dimensions will be targeted?
SEPs
CCCs
DCIs
Asking questions
Patterns
PS1.A: Structure and properties of matter
Developing and using models
Cause and effect
PS1.B: Chemical reactions
Constructing explanations
Scale, proportion, and quantity
LS1.A: Structure and function
Structure and function
LS1.C: Organization for matter and energy flow in organisms

4. What does the Empire state building have to do with water?

5. What does the Empire state building have to do with water?
On this planet, in one day,
~ 200 million work hours are consumed by women collecting water for their families
This amount of time is equivalent to building 28 Empire State Buildings every day!

6. the characteristics of water
Exploring
the characteristics of water
Spill your water cup!

7. Explore the Water Cup 1. Show me a physical representation of water.
How do you know which model represents a water molecule?
What color represents the oxygen?
Which atoms stick to each other?
Why do water molecules stick to each other?

8. the characteristics of water
Explaining
the characteristics of water
Water is POLAR!
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9. the characteristics of water
Explaining
the characteristics of water
Results in hydrogen bonding between water molecules!
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10. Elaborating On solubility
Does this molecule interact with water molecules?
HYDROPHOBIC
ETHANE

11. MOLECULAR MANIPULATION
Elaborating
On solubility
MOLECULAR MANIPULATION

12. Elaborating On solubility
ETHANOL!
Does this molecule interact with water molecules?
HYDROPHILIC

13. Elaborating On solubility
Question:
How long does the hydrophobic tail have to be before it overwhelms water’s interaction with the alcohol group?
How would your students design a lab to find out?

14. Getting through the cell membrane
How does a polar molecule, like water, diffuse through a largely hydrophobic bilayer?

15. Getting through the cell membrane
To answer this question we need to know something about phospholipids . . .
Examine the phospholipid molymod at your table.
1. Describe or illustrate the overall structure of your model.
2. What atoms are present in your model and what color represents each of these atoms?
3. What other observations or questions do you have about your model?
4. Compare and contrast your group’s phospholipid to another group’s phospholipid.
5. Make note of any similarities or differences.
Speculate why a cell membrane would have different phospholipids.

16. Focus on Phospholipid Heads
Phosphatidylcholine
Sphingomyelin
The Outer Leaflet

17. Focus on Phospholipid Heads
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylinositol
The Inner Leaflet

18. Focus on Phospholipid Tails
Hydrogens in the cis configuration
Produces a larger “kink” in the tail

19. Focus on Phospholipid tails
Hydrogens in the trans configuration
Produces a smaller “kink” in the tail

20. Constructing A Phospholipid

21. Constructing A Phospholipid
Step 2: Remove the hydroxyl (OH) group from a sat. fatty acid.
Step 3: Join your glycerol and fatty acid.
Step 1: Remove one of the hydrogen (H) atoms from the glycerol.

22. Constructing A Phospholipid
Step 5: Remove another hydrogen (H) from the glycerol.
Step 6: Repeat the process with the unsaturated fatty acid.
Step 4: Combine the H and the OH to form water.

23. Constructing A Phospholipid
Step 7: Remove the final H from the glycerol and the OH from the phosphate. Combine the H and the OH. Attach the phosphate to the glycerol backbone.
Phosphate + =

24. Transition between Multiple Models!

25. building the cell membrane
Through A Series of Gedanken Experiments!
First Thought Experiment:
How would ten phospholipids need to be arranged to form a film at the top of a beaker of water?

26. building the cell membrane Through A Series of Gedanken Experiments!
Second Thought Experiment:
How would the ten phospholipids need to be arranged in order to be submerged in a beaker of water?

27. building the cell membrane
Through A Series of Gedanken Experiments!
Third Thought Experiment:
How would the phospholipids need to be arranged if they were to be submerged AND contain water?
(You may use as many phospholipids as needed in the kit.)

28. crossing the cell membrane
How does a polar molecule, like water, diffuse through a largely hydrophobic bilayer?

29. crossing the cell membrane
It gets by with a little help from its friend. . .
AQUAPORIN!

30. crossing the cell membrane
Investigating channels!
GLUT Carrier Protein
Aquaporin
Gated Potassium Channel
Potassium Leak Channel
Sodium-Potassium Pump

31. crossing the cell membrane
Investigating channels!
Passive Transport:
Aquaporin
K+ Leak Channel

32. crossing the cell membrane
Investigating channels!
Active Transport:
Sodium-Potassium Pump

33. crossing the cell membrane Investigating channels!
Active Transport:
1. Sodium binds on intracellular side.
2. The pump is phosphorylated by ATP.
3. The pump shape changes, exposing the sodium to the extracellular space.

34. crossing the cell membrane Investigating channels!
Active Transport:
4. Binding affinity changes to release Na+, and take in K+.
5. Phosphate detaches.
6. Original shape is restored, releasing K+ into the cell.

35. THANK YOU!
For more molecular stories. . . Come visit us at booths 419 and 421! We hope to see you soon!

36. crossing the cell membrane
Investigating channels!
Passive Transport:
Gated Potassium Channel

37. crossing the cell membrane
Investigating channels!
Passive Transport with a Carrier Protein:
Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1)

38. crossing the cell membrane Investigating channels!
Use the GLUT Carrier Protein to model passive transport with a carrier protein.