1. TIMELINE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
By: Cherilyn D. Binasahan BSIT I-1

2. BEFORE

3. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1801
Jacquard loom
The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard first demonstrated in 1801, that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns
as brocade,  damask and matelasse.
1842
Analytical machine
The Analytical Engine/Machine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer.
1890
Punch cards
A punched card, punch card, IBM card, or Hollerith card by Herman Hollerith is a piece of stiff paper that contained either commands for controlling automated machinery or data for data processing applications. Both commands and data were represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.
1936
Turing machine
A Turing machine is the original idealized model of a computer, invented by Alan Turing in Turing machines are equivalent to modern electronic computers at a certain theoretical level, but differ in many details.

4. 1940s...

5. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1943
Plankalkul
Plankalkül is a programming language designed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse between 1943 and It was the first high-level non-von Neumann programming language to be designed for a computer.
ENIAC coding system
ENIAC was the first electronic general-purpose computer. It was Turing-complete, digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve "a large class of numerical problems.“ENIAC was designed by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania, U.S.

6. 1950s...

7. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1955
Fortran
Fortran by John Backus is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM[1] in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications,
1958
Lisp
Lisp by John McCarthy
is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized Polish prefix notation.[1] Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today
1959
Cobol
COBOL by Grace Hopper is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments.

8. 1960s...

9. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1962
APL
APL (named after the book A Programming Language)[7] is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols[8] to represent most operators, leading to very concise code. 
Simula
Simula is a name for two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Syntactically, it is a fairly faithful superset of ALGOL 60.
Snobol
SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language) is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4.
1963
CPL
Combined Programming Language (CPL) was developed jointly between the Mathematical Laboratory at the University of Cambridge and the University of London Computer Unit during the 1960s . Christopher Strachey and David Barron were involved.

10. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1964
Basic
BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use. In 1964, John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz designed the original BASIC language at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.
1967
BCPL
BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge in 1966.
1968
Logo
Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Daniel G. Bobrow, Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon. Today the language is remembered mainly for its use of "turtle graphics", in which commands for movement and drawing produced line graphics either on screen or with a small robot called a "turtle".

11. 1970s...

12. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1970
Pascal
Pascal is a historically influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968–1969 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth.
Forth
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and programming environment. Language features include structured programming, reflection concatenative programming and extensibility .
1972 C
The C Programming Language is a well-known computer programming book written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the latter of whom originally designed and implemented the language, as well as co-designed the Unix operating system with which development of the language was closely intertwined. 
Smalltalk
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language. Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis."

13. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1972
Prolog
Prolog (PROgramming LOGic) rose within the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI). It originally became popular with AI researchers, who know more about "what" and "how" intelligent behaviour is achieved.
1973 ML
Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, modular, functionalprogramming language with compile-time type checking and type inference. It is popular among compiler writers and programming language researchers, as well as in the development of theorem provers.
1975
Scheme
Scheme and Common Lisp are the two principal dialects of the computer programming language Lisp. Unlike Common Lisp, however, Scheme follows a minimalist design philosophy that specifies a small standard core accompanied by powerful tools for language extension.
1978
SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

14. 1980s...

15. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1980
C++
The C++ Programming Language was the first book to describe the C++ programming language, written by the language’s creator, Bjarne Stroustrup, and first published in October In the absence of an official standard.
1983
ADA
Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages.
1984
Common LISP
The Common Lisp language was developed as a standardized and improved successor of Maclisp. Thus it is not an implementation, but rather a language specification. Several implementations of the Common Lisp standard are available, including free and open source software and proprietary products.
1985
Eiffel
Eiffel is an ISO-standardized, object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software. The design of the language is closely connected with the Eiffel programming method.

16. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1986
Erlang
Erlang is a general-purpose, concurrent, garbage-collected programming language and runtime system. The sequential subset of Erlang is almost a functional language , with eager evaluation, single assignment, and dynamic typing. It was originally designed by Ericsson to support distributed, fault-tolerant, soft real-time, highly available, non-stop applications
1987
Perl
Perl is a general-purpose programming language originally developed for text manipulation and now used for a wide range of tasks including system administration, web development, network programming, GUI development, and more.
1988
TCL
Tcl is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. Originally "born out of frustration",according to the author, with programmers devising their own languages intended to be embedded into applications, Tcl gained acceptance on its own.
1989 FL
FL (short for Function Level) is a programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus,John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in 1989.

17. 1990s...

18. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1990
Haskell
Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing. It is named after logician Haskell Curry.
1991
Python
Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language.Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.
1993
Ruby
The Ruby Programming Language is the authoritative guide to Ruby and provides comprehensive coverage of versions 1.8 and 1.9 of the language. It was written (and illustrated!) by an all-star team: David Flanagan, bestselling author of programming language "bibles" (including JavaScript: The Definitive Guide.
Lua
Lua is a lightweight multi-paradigm programming language designed as a scripting languagewith extensible semantics as a primary goal.

19. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1994
CLOS
The Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) is the facility for object-oriented programming which is part of ANSI Common Lisp. CLOS is a powerful dynamic object system which differs radically from the OOP facilities found in more static languages such as C++ or Java. CLOS was inspired by earlier Lisp object systems such asMIT Flavors and CommonLOOPS, although it is more general than either. Originally proposed as an add-on, CLOS was adopted as part of the ANSI standard for Common Lisp and has been adapted into other Lisp dialects like EuLisp or Emacs Lisp.
1995
Java
Java is a programming language. It was first developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which is now a part of Oracle Corporation. It was released in 1995 as a part of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language has developed much of its syntax from C and C++.
Javascript
JavaScript is a high level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language. It has been standardized in the ECMAScript language specification.

20. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
1995
PHP
PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
1997
Rebol
Every programming language must have its own quirk. Either everything is a string, or you indent instead of bracing, or it looks like chars service output, or it emulates classes through tables. Or it treats strings and other series the very unusual way. EverythingIsa says Rebol's quirk is that EverythingIsa "dialect".
1998
Visual Basic
Visual Basic is a legacy third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use.

21. 2000s...

22. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
2001 C#
C# is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
Visual Basic.Net
Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, high level programming language, implemented on the .NET Framework. Microsoft launched VB.NET in 2002 as the successor to its original Visual Basic language. 
2002 F#
The correct title of this article is F#(programming language). The substitution or omission of the # is because of technical restrictions. F# (pronounced eff sharp) is a strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming techniques.
2003
Scala
Scala is a programming language for general software applications. Scala has full support forfunctional programming and a very strong static type system. 

23. YEAR
NAME
DESCRIPTION
2003
Factor
Factor is a stack-oriented programming language created by Slava Pestov. Factor is dynamically typed and has automatic memory management, as well as powerful meta programming features. The language has a single implementation featuring a self-hosted optimizing compiler and an interactive development environment.
2006
Window Power Shell
Windows PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language built on the .NET Framework.