1. Presentation

2. Presentation Topic: Sulfur Muhammad Nadeem 12-Arid-253 Agronomy
6th Semester
PMAs arid agriculture university rawalpindi

3. Sulfur As A fertilizer sulfur ……
Odorless and tasteless chemical element that has a pale yellowish color.
Sulfur is used in a variety of chemical mixtures including disinfectants, crude oil, and fertilizers.
Sulfur is also used by the medical community to treat some skin diseases.
Sulfur form in the Soil:
As A fertilizer sulfur ……
The Sulfur must be converted to the sulfate (SO4--) form to become available to the crop.
The sulfate form of S is an anion (negative charge), and therefore is leachable. As a rough rule-of-thumb, it can be considered to leach through the soil profile at about 50% as fast as nitrates (NO3-)

4. Sulfur in Soil

5. Function
Sulfur is essential for many plant’s functions. Some of them are:
A structural component of protein and peptides
Active in the conversion of inorganic N into protein
A catalyst in chlorophyll production
Promotes nodule formation in legumes
A structural component of various enzymes
A structural component of the compounds that give the characteristic odors and flavors to mustard, onion and garlic

6. Factors Affecting Availability
Sand: Sulfur is leachable, plus sandy soils are typically low in OM, therefore these soils are often low in sulfur.
Soil Organic Matter: Organic matter is a reservoir for S
Cold Soil: The conversion of various forms of S to the available sulfate (SO4) form is a microbial process; therefore low soil temperatures slow this process.
Poor Drainage: The conversion of various forms of S to the available sulfate (SO4) form is a microbial process requiring oxygen, therefore saturated soil slow this process.
Pollution: Soil that, over the years, has been subject to high levels of deposition from industrial sources of S.
Irrigation Water: Irrigation water may contain high levels of S, and excess irrigation of sands can leach S out of the root zone.
SO4:NH4 Applications: Added NH4 has been shown to appreciably enhance the uptake of SO4.

7. High Response Crops
While this is an essential element for all plants, these crops have been found to be especially responsive: 
alfalfa,
cabbage,
canola,
cauliflower,
celery, corn,
sugar beets,
sugar cane, table beets, turnips and watermelon.

8. Deficiency Symptoms The young leaves are light green to yellowish.
Small and spindly plants.
Retarded growth rate and delay in maturity.
Interveinal chlorosis in corn leaves.
Distorted leaves inward rolling edges.

9. Sulfur deficiency comparison

10. Sulfur Deficiency

11. Sulfur Toxicity

12. Over All The Cycle of Sulfur In Plants And Soil.

13. Sulfur cycle
Sulfur is one of the components that make up proteins and vitamins.
Most of the earth's sulphur is tied up in rocks and salts or buried deep in the ocean in oceanic sediments. Sulphur can also be found in the atmosphere.
It enters the atmosphere through both natural and human sources.
When sulphur enters the atmosphere through human activity, this is mainly a consequence of industrial processes where sulphur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gases are emitted on a wide scale.

14. continue…..
When sulphur dioxide enters the atmosphere it will react with oxygen to produce sulphur trioxide gas (SO3), or with other chemicals in the atmosphere, to produce sulphur salts.
Sulfur dioxide may also react with water to produce sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
Sulfuric acid may also be produced from demethylsulphide, which is emitted to the atmosphere by plankton species.
All these particles will settle back onto earth, or react with rain and fall back onto earth as acid deposition.
The particles will than be absorbed by plants again and are released back into the atmosphere, so that the sulphur cycle will start over again.

15. Sulfur Cycle ……

16. Sulfur Metabolism In Plants:

17. Sulfur Metabolism in Plants
The sulfur in the form of (SO3) sulfonate ester and it is sent to the plants roots.
In the plant roots there are some bacteria which are Mycorrhizae so they convert sulfur Sulfate into
the (SO4-2) form in this way the
plants can uptake the Sulfur .

18. Thanks For your Kind Attention