Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Swine Reproduction
2
The boar’s function in reproduction:
1. Produce spermatozoa 2. Introduce sperm into the female reproductive tract at the proper time
3
Reproductive Organs of the Boar
• Testes • Epididymus • Vas deferens • Vesicular glands • Bulbourethral gland • Urethra • Penis
4
Boar’s Reproductive Tract
6
An ejaculate consists of the following three phases:
1. The first, or pre-sperm phase, which lasts 1 to 5 minutes, consists of a watery fluid in which there are tapioca-like pellets but no sperm, and comprises 5 to 20% of the ejaculate. 2. The sperm containing phase, which lasts 2 to 5 minutes, consists of a whitish, uniform fluid which contains the sperm, and comprises 30 to 50% of the ejaculate. 3. The last phase, which lasts 3 to 8 minutes contains very few sperm, helps form a gelatinous plug in the cervix of the sow, and comprises 40 to 60% of the total volume.
7
Semen Evaluation: • Motility • Concentration • Volume Target:
60% or better • Concentration & Volume: Determine number of inseminations (3-5 billion)
8
The Sow’s Function in Reproduction:
1. To produce ova 2. To nourish the developing ova 3. To produce piglets 4. To produce milk
9
Reproductive Organs of the Sow
1. Ovaries 2. Oviducts 3. Uterus 4. Cervix 5. Vagina 6. Vulva
10
Sow’s Reproductive Tract
12
Puberty and breeding maturity
Puberty: 5-7 months (hybrids perform better) Breeding: approx. 7 months Polyoestrous (temperature stress!) Length of oestrous cycle 21 days Duration of oestrus 2-3 days Ovulation during the last day of oestrus (back pressure test) PGF2A-sensitivity only after day 12
13
Temperature effects on female
Heat important when affects body temperature - Sources, both body and environment Effect oocyte cause polyploidy Prior to breeding is greatest loss of fertility Cause early embryonic mortality Especially within the first 7 days past breeding Late pregnant sow: Heat stress last week of gestation will greatly increase number of stillborn piglets Intensity of estrus may be reduced One mechanism, stress causes high glucocorticoids which inhibit LH release. Direct effects of heat on gametes is greatest effect! Low temperatures - Reduce intensity of estrus
14
Species variation in estrous cycle characteristics
15
Gilt exposure to a mature boar
16
Aspects off the vulva,, sexual behavior and fertility
17
Physical signs to consider for mating
Too early Vulva heavily red and swollen Hardly any mucus on vaginal mucosa Negative back pressure test, only standing reflex in presence of a boar In time Vulva moderately red and swollen Vaginal mucosa with mucus Positive back pressure test Too late No redness or swelling of vulva Sticky vaginal mucosa 2nd mating or AI ‘s are necessary in animals with positive back pressure test 24 h after mating
18
Gilt standing for "back pressure" test
19
Gilt "in heat", immobile Gilt with swollen vulva, secondary sign of estrus Gilt with swollen vulva, secondary sign of estrus
20
Breeding
21
A.I.
22
Sow gestation period???
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.