1. Chapter 5 Section 1 French and Indian War - https://www. youtube
Chapter 5 Section 1 French and Indian War Crash Course French and Indian War.

2. Objectives
Identify the reasons why fighting broke out between France and Britain in North America.
Describe the early defeat of the British by the French at the beginning of the French and Indian War.
Explain how the British gained victory, and explain the results of the French and Indian War.

3. Terms and People
George Washington – Virginia colonist who led troops against the French during the Seven Years’ War; future president
militia – force made up of civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army
alliance – agreement between countries to help each other against other countries
cede – surrender

4. How did the British gain French territory in North America?
In the mid-1700s, both Britain and France claimed vast areas of land in North America—lands long settled by Native Americans.
Because of their conflicting claims, Britain and France fought a deadly war with the future of much of North America at stake.

5. In the 1750s, the two sides fought in the Ohio River valley, the area between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.

6. France claimed the
Ohio River valley as
part of its territory.
The Virginia colony
also claimed the land, and
British settlers continued
to move west.

7. In 1753, the French began building forts in the Ohio River valley to protect their claims.
This angered the British. The governor of Virginia sent a militia led by George Washington to order the French out.
The French builders ignored Washington’s warnings.

8. The next year, Washington returned to the Ohio River valley to find the French building a fort at a key location.
Fort Duquesne
Built where the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet to form the Ohio River
Ohio R.

9. Washington built a small fort of his own, Fort Necessity, nearby.
A large French army attacked, forcing Washington to surrender Fort Necessity.
The French sent Washington home with the message that they would never give up the Ohio River valley.

10. War with France seemed certain.
Hoping to form an alliance against the French, the British called a meeting of colonial leaders and local Iroquois tribes in Albany, New York. This was called the Albany Congress. The alliance failed.
Iroquois
refuse to join
a British alliance
British

11. The Albany Plan of Union was rejected by the colonial assemblies.
Ben Franklin drew up a plan in which an elected council would have authority to act for all the colonies on urgent matters. It also could form armies and collect taxes to pay expenses.
Albany Plan of Union
The Albany Plan of Union was rejected by the colonial assemblies.

12. Despite the failure to form a united front, the British decided it was time to act. In 1755, troops led by General Edward Braddock marched on Fort Duquesne.
The French and their Native American allies ambushed the British, defeating them.
The British knew little about fighting in North America.
Red uniforms made the British easy to spot.

13. The British disaster at Fort Duquesne was followed by other defeats.
Fort Niagara
Lake George
Fort Oswego
Fort William Henry
In 1756, Britain declared war on France, marking the official beginning of the Seven Years’ War.

14. Britain’s string of defeats finally ended when a new prime minister, William Pitt, took office.
Pitt’s generals soon turned the tide of the war. In 1758, the British won Fort Duquesne, renaming it Fort Pitt. Such victories helped the British gain Iroquois support.
Iroquois join
a British alliance
British

15. The French and Indian War
British victories in 1758 and 1759 set the stage for the key battle of the war—the Battle of Quebec.

16. Quebec, the capital of New France, was located atop high cliffs.
The British climbed the cliffs on an unguarded trail and captured the city.
Without Quebec, France could no longer defend its territory. In 1763, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the French and Indian war.

17. Under the terms of the treaty, France was forced to cede its lands in North America to the British.
Native Americans lost, too, as British settlers continued to move west.

18. Lead Up to the Revolution 1 Chapter 5 Section 2

19. Objectives
Explain the conflict between Native Americans and British settlers in 1763.
Describe how the colonists responded to British tax laws.
Describe what happened during the Boston Massacre.

20. Terms and People
duty – import tax
boycott – organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products
petition – written request to a government
writ of assistance – court order that allowed officials to make searches without saying what they were searching for

21. Terms and People (continued)
John Adams – Massachusetts lawyer and colonial leader; future president
Samuel Adams – colonial leader who established the Committees of Correspondence

22. Why did the French and Indian War increase friction within the colonies and with Britain?
The end of the war brought celebration. But it did not bring peace. New conflicts soon threatened to tear the colonies apart.
Fighting with
Native
Americans
Disputes with
the British
government

23. With the French defeat in the Seven Years’ War, Britain gained vast new lands in North America.
Native Americans
saw a new threat
to their lands.
Colonists saw
endless room
for settlement.

24. Hoping to avoid further wars, the British issued the Proclamation of 1763, forbade colonists from settling west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.

25. Frontier settlers who had already moved west were told to move back
Frontier settlers who had already moved west were told to move back. Colonists could settle only east of the line.
Colonists
Native
Americans
Colonists
Appalachian Mountains
West
East

26. The Proclamation of 1763 angered many colonists, who believed they had the right to settle wherever they wanted.
Proclamation
of 1763
The colonists largely ignored the proclamation, and Britain found it impossible to enforce. Tensions rose.

27. Colonists increasingly believed their rights were being threatened.
Colonists expected Britain to be grateful for the their help.
Colonists had fought
and died to help
win the war.
Colonists were loyal subjects; they expected to have the same rights as other British citizens.

28. To raise money, British leaders imposed a series of new laws forcing the colonists to share the financial burden, mainly through taxes.
Sugar Act
1764
Put a duty on products such as molasses
Quartering Act
1765
Required colonists to house British troops
Stamp Act
Required colonists to buy special stamps for many products and activities

29. The colonists were outraged, and protests quickly spread throughout the colonies.
The Virginia House of Burgesses and other colonial assemblies—the only places where the colonists were represented—declared that they alone had the right to tax the colonists.
Merchants organized boycotts against British goods.

30. The Congress sent a petition to the king and Parliament,
Of all the new laws, the Stamp Act was the most unpopular. Delegates from nine colonies formed the Stamp Act Congress to take action.
The Congress sent a petition
to the king and Parliament,
demanding the repeal
of the tax laws.

31. Parliament did repeal the Stamp Act.
But at the same time, it passed the Declaratory Act , stating that Parliament had total authority over the colonies.
King and
Parliament
Colonies

32. More new laws, and more protests, followed.
The Townshend Acts taxed goods brought into the colonies. Because so many colonists objected to the taxes, and to the writs of assistance that enforced them, Parliament repealed all but the tax on tea.
Anger on both sides soon led to a bloody confrontation (Boston Massacre).

33. Boston Massacre -
On March 5, 1770, an angry crowd surrounded a group of soldiers in Boston. Frightened, the soldiers fired, killing five people.

34. John Adams, colonial leader, defended the soldiers, believing they should receive a fair trial. Still, the Boston Massacre became a rallying point for the colonists.
Leaders from different colonies began exchanging information and ideas, helping to unite the colonists against the British.
Committees of
Correspondence

35. Lead Up to the Revolution 2 Chapter 5 Section 3

36. Objectives
Identify the causes of the Boston Tea Party.
Explain how the colonists protested the Intolerable Acts.
Describe the events of April 19, 1775, at Lexington and Concord.

37. Terms and People
repeal – to cancel; to officially end
monopoly – total control of the market for a certain product
minuteman – citizen soldier who could be ready to fight at a minute’s notice

38. How did British tax policies move the colonists closer to rebellion?
The British were surprised when the colonists protested the Stamp Act and other taxes.
Parliament repealed some of the taxes but also passed the Declaratory Act, stating that it still had total control in the colonies. This set the stage for further trouble.

39. In the early 1770s, the protests against the British had quieted down
In the early 1770s, the protests against the British had quieted down. The most unpopular taxes were repealed—except for the tax on tea.
Meanwhile, some colonies were communicating among themselves and building a sense of unity.
In 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act, sparking a new round of more intense protest from the colonists.
Tea Act

40. The Tea Act allowed the East India Company to send tea directly to the colonies, rather than having to first send it to Britain.
Britain
Thirteen
Colonies
India
Tea

41. The Tea Act reduced the price of tea.
But it gave the East India Company, an important British company, a monopoly over the tea trade.
Colonists thought they should be able to buy tea from whomever they wanted. Plus, they were angry that they were still paying the tea tax.

42. To protest, the Sons of Liberty tried to stop tea from being unloaded in colonial ports.
When officials ordered a shipment to be unloaded in Boston, the protestors took action.
Dressed as Native Americans, the Sons of Liberty dumped the tea into the harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party
342 cases total.

43. British leaders were outraged by the actions of these protestors during what became known as the Boston Tea Party.
They passed a series of laws designed to punish the colonists of Massachusetts—especially those in Boston.
The new laws were so harsh that colonists called them the Intolerable Acts.

44. Intolerable Acts Closed the port of Boston
Increased the powers of the royal governor
Abolished the upper house of the Massachusetts legislature
Cut the power of town meetings
Strengthened the Quartering Act

45. Americans in all the colonies responded to the Intolerable Acts by sending food and other supplies to the people of Boston.
Meanwhile, colonial leaders called a meeting to discuss what further actions to take.
The First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in September and October 1774.

46. First Continental Congress
Demanded the repeal of the Intolerable Acts
Declared that the colonies had a right to tax and govern themselves
Called for the training of militias
Called for a boycott of British goods

47. The British responded to the colonists’ demands with force.
On April 19, 1775, about 700 British troops marched toward Concord, where they believed minutemen were storing arms.
Patriots lit a signal in a church steeple; then Paul Revere and William Dawes rode through the night to warn the minutemen. (“The British are coming the British are coming!”)

48. Lexington Concord Minutemen were waiting for British troops.
The first shot, soon called “the shot heard round the world,” was fired.
British troops opened fire, killing eight Americans.
Lexington
400 minutemen fought about 700 British troops.
The British retreated toward Boston.
About 300 British were killed by colonists firing from behind trees and fences.
Concord

49. The American Revolution had begun.

50. Revolutionary Events of 1775 Chapter 5 Section 4 https://www. youtube
Revolutionary Events of 1775 Chapter 5 Section Crash Course – American Revolution

51. Objectives
Identify the issues facing the Second Continental Congress.
Describe the differences between Patriots and Loyalists.
Identify the Olive Branch Petition, and explain why it failed.
Explain the significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill.

52. Terms and People
blockade – shutting off of a port by ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
mercenary – soldier who serves another country for money

53. How did the American Revolution begin?
The battles of Lexington and Concord hardened the resolve of both the colonists and the British. They revealed how much both sides had in common.
Both the colonists and the British believed their cause was just. Both hoped the other would give in quickly. But both were prepared to fight if necessary.

54. Lexington
and
Concord
The battles between the colonists and the British sent shock waves throughout the colonies.
Colonial leaders held the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in May 1775 to make decisions about how to proceed.

55. The first thing on the agenda was defense.
The delegates established the Continental army and chose George Washington as its leader.
Congress decided to pay for the army by printing paper money, an important power of government.

56. The delegates were divided, however, about what actions to take next.
Some delegates
wanted to cut
ties with Britain
and declare
independence.
Others still
hoped to
compromise
and make
peace.

57. Patriots Favored independence and were willing to fight for it
These early divisions among the delegates reflected the divisions among the colonists themselves.
Patriots
Favored
independence
and were
willing to
fight for it
Loyalists
Remained
loyal to
Britain
and
the king

58. As many as one third of the colonists were Loyalists.
often
included:
people from wealthy families
government officials
enslaved African Americans
Native Americans
Most colonists, however, were Patriots.

59. Yet even Patriot leaders could not agree on the best way to deal with the crisis. Congress extended an “olive branch” to the king in July 1775.
Olive Branch
Petition
Stated the colonists were loyal
to the king and wanted to reach
a peaceful settlement

60. Causes and Necessities
That same month Congress also issued a warning.
Declaration of the
Causes and Necessities
of Taking Up Arms
Stated the colonists
were ready to die
for their cause
Hoping for the best, but preparing for the worst,
Congress had issued both an offer of peace and a
warning of war. How would King George respond?

61. King George III ignored the Olive Branch Petition and declared that the colonies were in open rebellion.
The British Parliament voted to send 20,000 troops to the colonies to end what it perceived to be an uprising.

62. The Americans won an important early victory at Fort Ticonderoga, where Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys surprised the British and captured the fort.
Fort
Ticonderoga
gave the
Americans
control over a route to Canada
cannons and other weapons

63. In Boston, Americans clashed with British troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775.
The Americans held Bunker Hill. From there, they could shoot at British ships in the harbor.
British troops marched up the hill, determined to capture the high ground.

64. No one knew how the untrained American volunteers would hold up against the tough British soldiers.
But the Americans held off two attacks, losing a third only after running out of ammunition.
The British defeated the Americans at the Battle of Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. Despite their loss, the inexperienced colonial forces inflicted significant casualties against the enemy, and the battle provided them with an important confidence boost.

65. Washington sent for the cannons that had been captured at Fort Ticonderoga.
After a difficult journey the cannons arrived, and Washington was finally able to drive the British from Boston.

66. Despite these early American victories, the British still held many advantages.
They controlled the most powerful navy in the world, giving them an advantage in troop numbers and supplies, but also allowing them to blockade American ports.
They hired mercenaries to help fight.
After a failed invasion of Canada, the Americans knew they were facing a long and difficult struggle.

67. TO BE CONTINUED…