1. Middle Eastern Peoples and the Roots of Judaism
Sacred Western Wall in Jerusalem and Islamic Dome of the Rock

2. Objectives:
Discuss central beliefs of Judaism and its legacy on world history
Explain the achievements of the Phoenicians
Locate Nubia, Phoenician colonies, Nubia, and Canaan
on a map

3. The Phoenicians created separate city-states along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (present day Lebanon) in 1100 BCE

4. How did the Phoenicians make a living?
-they were seafarers and traders
-brought goods to the trading centers of Byblos, Sidon and Tyre
-also known for superior shipbuilding

5. -Phoenician colonies developed in North Africa,
Spain and Sicily
-Phoenician traders controlled trade in the Mediterranean Sea; were the first to travel along the Atlantic coast

6. Achievements of the Phoenicians
Master shipbuilders and seafarers
Produced purple dye, highly valued in its day
Developed the alphabet used for trade and adopted around the world.
Established trade routes outside the
Mediterranean around the continent
of Europe

8. The Roots of Judaism Canaan, in present-day Israel became the home for
Hebrews
between 2000
600 BCE

9. They would later become known as the Jews which
describes the geographic area of the tribe of Judah

10. Why are the Hebrews so important in World History?
-They were the first to practice monotheism (belief in one god)
-Their beliefs also influenced two other world religions

11. Abraham, the father of Judaism is also a
prophet in Islam. Does anyone know why?

12. the father of monotheism,
Abraham,
the father of monotheism,
had two sons
Isaac
Ishmael
Hebrews and
Christians are
descendants
Arabic Muslims are descendants

13. The story of the Hebrews
Abraham was told by God (“Yahweh”) to take his people to the land of Canaan which was the promised land.
Drought and famine forced the Hebrews to migrate to Egypt where they were forced into slavery.

14. The story of the Hebrews:
Moses survived as male babies were ordered killed; was raised by an Egyptian princess
The Exodus: Moses led the Hebrews out of Egypt and out of slavery—today celebrated as Passover
Moses received the Ten Commandments upon Mount Sinai

15. The Torah, which is the most sacred text for Hebrews, is also the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.

16. Central beliefs of Judaism
Belief in one god – Monotheism
God promised to care for the Hebrews
in return for their promises to follow God’s
law. This is called a covenant.
The Torah contains the written records
and beliefs of the Jews
The Ten Commandments are the moral
code that Jews are expected to abide by.

17. The Hebrews from BCE
Hebrew Kings
David
Established Jerusalem as the capital
Solomon
Built a sacred temple in Jerusalem that housed the Ark of the Covenant which contained the tablets of Moses’ law.
Building of the temple caused very high taxes and the Northern Hebrews revolted. The kingdom divided into two – Israel in the North and Judah in the south.

18. The Western or Wailing Wall- the only remains
of the sacred temple in Jerusalem

19. The Jewish Diaspora
-In 586, the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the holy temple -Many Jews were exiled to Babylon. This is called the Exile
-Jewish Diaspora: the scattering of the Jews that were not exiled
The second Jewish Diaspora occurs when Rome conquered Jerusalem in 70 CE.
-Both the Exile and the Diaspora led to the spread of Judaism.

20. In 539 BCE a new conqueror arrived –his name was Cyrus and he was the leader of the Persians.
Persians came from present day Iran- they ruled the most powerful empire in the world. Cyrus freed the Jews and allowed them to return to Jerusalem.

21. Nubia and Kush Rose between 2000 and
1000 BCE
As Egypt’s empire fades, Kush establishes
a dynasty in Egypt and adopts
Egyptian culture.

22. Ancient pyramids of Meroe, capital of Kush

23. By 671 BCE, the
Assyrians had
conquered Egypt
while the Kushites
retreated south
to Meroe where
Kushite civilization
flourished.
Meroe

24. Picture citations