1. Native and Colonial America
Unit I
AP U.S. History

2. Natives Bering Sea land bridge Nomads
Agriculturally-based (maize/corn)
Hopewells/Mississippian
Iroquois
Iroquois Confederacy

3. Native Map of North America

4. Europe Renaissance (rebirth)
Growth of Nation-States (England, France, Spain, Portugal)
Protestant Reformation and Religious Wars
Counter-Reformation
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Church of England

5. England
Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power
Population increases
Joint-stock companies develop
Religious conflicts divide the nation
Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

6. European Colonization
Columbus in 1492 spearheads European intervention into America
Relations with natives
Encomienda system and asiento system

7. Smallpox

8. Columbian Exchange

9. Treaty of Tordesillas

10. European Colonies

11. English Colonies Corporate Colony Proprietary Colony Royal Colony
Charters
Attempted with Roanoke in 1585
Jamestown, Virginia in 1607

12. Who is this?

13. Oh yeah…Pocahontas

14. Disney’s John Smith

15. Hollywood’s John Smith

16. This is John Smith.

17. Pilgrims Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia
Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters
Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth

18. Mayflower Compact

19. The Mayflower (II)

20. Look, a big rock.

21. Wampanoag Dwelling

22. Plymouth Colony

23. Pulpit/Religion

24. Thirteen Colonies

25. New England Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630)
John Winthrop and “city upon a hill”
Providence, Rhode Island, and Roger Williams (1636)
Portsmouth and Anne Hutchinson (1638)
Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, and Thomas Hooker ( )
New Hampshire (1679)

26. New England Culture Massachusetts under strict Puritanical lifestyle
Salem Witch Trials ( )
Religious toleration and dissent lead to Rhode Island
Halfway Covenant: attempt to increase members
Education by mothers
Towns with over 50 families required primary schools; 100, grammar schools

27. New England Politics Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
New England Confederation ( )
King Philip’s (Metacom) War ( )

28. Middle Colonies
New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 to become New York
Lands taken from New York to establish New Jersey by 1702
Develop wheat and corn farms and eventually into manufacturing and trade
Delaware created by Pennsylvania (1702)
Education by private or churches

29. Pennsylvania
William Penn establishes Quaker-based colony in Pennsylvania (1681)
Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers
Holy Experiment
Religious refuge
Liberal political ideals
Economic success
Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

30. Southern Colonies Maryland (1632) Virginia (1609) Carolinas (1663)
North Carolina (1729)
South Carolina (1729)
Georgia (1732)
Limited education due to agricultural base

31. Virginia Becomes royal colony in 1624 Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Inequities between large landowners and western farmers
Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley
Headright System
50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant

32. Maryland Lord Baltimore establishes colony for Catholics
Act of Toleration (1649)
Toleration of all Christian sects
Death to those who denied Jesus
Religious civil war brought control to Protestants

33. Carolinas North Carolina South Carolina Tobacco plantations
Well-established autonomy
South Carolina
Rice plantations
Became heavily dependent on slavery

34. Georgia James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732
Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida
Debtors colony

35. Colonial Religion
Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration
Domination by Protestants; little influence of Anglican Church; other sects and denominations viewed as bizarre
The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)
Over time, economics became prominent over religious conviction
Jonathan Edwards and “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
George Whitefield
Development of evangelism and individual faith

36. Colonial Culture/Society
Rural/Farmer
Urban/Wealthy

37. Typical Colony Layout

38. Immigration 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775
Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate
Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil
English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS
Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor

39. Slavery Indentured servitude Labor shortages lead to importing slaves
Cheap labor
Dependable work force
Slave laws

40. Slave Demographics

41. Mercantilism and Triangle Trade
Colonies for the Mother Country
Acts of Navigation
Trade on English ships
Imports pass English ports
Exports to England
Triangular Trade
Middle Passage

42. Colonial Economics Land was “gold”
No established monetary system (gold and silver)
Transportation
Rivers and coasts
Horse and carriage led to taverns and postal services
New England
Limited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, trading
Middle Colonies
Wheat and corn fields; manufacturing and trade
Southern Colonies
Tobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced labor