1. Chapter 19: Reconstruction
Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction

2. What come to mind when you here the word “radical”?
Thinking Question
What come to mind when you here the word “radical”?

3. Andrew Johnson & Presidential Reconstruction

4. Radical Republicans & Congressional Reconstruction

5. Radical Republicans React
Problems:
Black codes
Southerners elected people who had led rebellion
Laws passed that benefited wealthy landowners
Denying equal rights and violence against African Americans

6. Radical Republicans React
Believed Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction
Loyal state governments could only be created with participation of Unionists & African Americans

7. Radical Republicans React
Wanted to give African American men the right to vote
Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress

8. Radical Republicans React
President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act of 1866:
Believed act gave too much power to federal government
Rejected principle of equal rights

9. Radical Republicans React
Congress reacts:
Congress overturns veto
14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution—guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans

10. The Reconstruction Acts
1866 elections: Republicans gain majorities in both houses of Congress
Congress passes Reconstruction Acts:
Southern state governments again declared provisional

11. The Reconstruction Acts
Congress passes Reconstruction Acts:
South divided into 5 military districts
States had to write new constitutions guaranteeing African American rights & suffrage
Ratify 14th Amendment

12. The Reconstruction Acts
Marked beginning of Congressional Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult.

13. The Reconstruction Acts
Texas & Louisiana encompassed the Fifth Military District

14. The Reconstruction Acts
Philip Sheridan—commander of the Fifth Military District
General Philip Sheridan

15. The Reconstruction Acts
Gen. Sheridan replaces Gov. Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease

16. The Reconstruction Acts
Andrew Johnson—president who tried to block Congressional Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson

17. The Reconstruction Acts
President Johnson impeached by the House in 1866
President Johnson was NOT removed from office.

18. The Texas Republican Party
Congressional Reconstruction led to development of Republican Party in Texas
Mostly Unionists, African Americans, & Mexican-Americans

19. The Texas Republican Party
Feb 1868: Republicans had strong turnout in elections for constitutional convention
More than 80% of black men voted
High ranking Confederate and most prewar officeholders could not vote
78 of 90 delegates were Republican, 9 were African American

20. The Texas Republican Party
Republican Party splits
One Faction wanted to put Radical Republicans in power
Led by E.J. Davis & George T. Ruby

21. The Texas Republican Party
George T. Ruby—African American leader of the Union League

22. The Texas Republican Party
Republican Party splits
Moderate Republicans
Led by Andrew J. Hamilton

23. The Constitution of 1869
Convention of controlled by Republicans
Gave equal rights to African Americans, including voting
15th Amendment—gave African American men right to vote

24. The Constitution of 1869 The Constitution
Gave governor power to appoint state judge & officials
Changed term of governor from 2 to 4 years
Increased school funding
School attendance compulsory

25. The Constitution of 1869 Edmund J. Davis
Constitution approved by wide margin
E.J. Davis elected governor
14th & 15th Amendments ratified
March 1870: Texas restored to the Union
Edmund J. Davis

26. Congressional Reconstruction
Causes
Effects
former Confederates and planters again in power in the South
Freedpeople being denied rights
Radical Republican belief that federal government needed to take a stronger role in Reconstruction
Radical Republican belief that Unionists and African Americans had to participate politically to create loyal southern state governments.
placed under military control
Required Texas leaders to guarantee rights for African Americans and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment for the state to rejoin the Union
Right to vote for black Texas men and gains in political office
Development of Texas Republican Party
Republican control of Texas government
Texas restored to Union in 1870
Congressional Reconstruction