1. Containment U.S. policy to offset growing USSR threat to East Europe
Directed at blocking Soviet influences and stopping expansion of Communism
Strategy - form alliances and help weak countries resist Soviet influence

2. The Truman Doctrine U.S. support for countries that rejected communism
Controversial…implies U.S. intervention in other countries’ affairs
Greece and Turkey were the first two to receive aid

3. The Marshall Plan WW II had devastated Europe
U.S. policy makers did not want to repeat mistakes of post WWI
U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall
proposes a massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II.

4. The Marshall Plan U.S goals
restore war-torn nations to create stable democracies
re-build capitalist countries for trading/economic partners
Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952.
Food, machinery; other materials to re- build
The Soviet Union and Communist Eastern Europe decline U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement."

5. The Berlin Airlift 1948-1949 U.S and USSR clash over Germany
Soviets want former enemy’s wealth divided
U.S/France/ Britain withdraw forces from Germany and allow occupied zones to form their own government
Soviets response - hold west Berlin hostage
Cut off highway, water & rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones- faced starvation
Thought Allies would surrender West Berlin
BERLIN AIRLIFT – Allies fly in supplies to west Berlin for 11 months
Soviets admit defeat and lift blockade

6. How Did the Threat of Nuclear War Develop?
1949-Soviets explode own atomic weapons
Truman determined to develop more deadly weapon
Authorizes creation of H-bomb in 1950
U.S completes H-bomb in1952, Soviets in 1953
new U.S. president…
Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower threatens if Soviets or supporters attack U.S interests, U.S will retaliate instantly

7. The Arms Race The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.
Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

8. How was the Cold War Fought?
Foreign Aid:
Two superpowers try to get allies and control other nations by giving financial aid and weapons to them
2. Propaganda:
Both used propaganda to try to win support at home and overseas

9. How was the Cold War Fought?
3. Espionage:
Superpowers spied on each other
Brinkmanship:
5. Alliances
NATO
Warsaw Pact

10. What is Brinkmanship? Go to brink (edge) of war
Need reliable source of nuclear weapons
U.S produces stock piles of nucs
Soviets respond with own nuc. buildup
…Nuclear Arms race for four decades
Brinksmanship depends on the principle of DETERRENCE
Security is achieved if a country possesses weapons that can, in an instant, obliterate the enemy

11. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain

12. Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Rumania