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The Conventional Morality Scale
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The ten commandments "And God spoke all these words, saying: 'I am the LORD your God… ONE: 'You shall have no other gods before Me.' TWO: 'You shall not make for yourself a carved image--any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.' THREE: 'You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.' FOUR: 'Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.' FIVE: 'Honor your father and your mother.' SIX: 'You shall not murder.' SEVEN: 'You shall not commit adultery.' EIGHT: 'You shall not steal.' NINE: 'You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.' TEN: 'You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's.'
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The Seven Deadly Sins
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Average income compared with number of people living below the poverty line
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Total thefts per capita
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Number of violent crimes (murder, assault, and rape) per capita
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Expenditures on art, entertainment and recreation compared with employment
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Number of fast-food restaurants per capita
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Number of STD cases reported per capita
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Aggregate of the other six offenses
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Psychometric properties of the CMS
The 60-item CMS proved to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .91) and excellent test-retest reliability (.94 with a 2-month interval between testings). A factor analysis of the CMS yielded 19 factors, but only the first factor accounted for much of the factor variance (25%), and an examination of the plotted factors revealed that the 18 remaining factors were all “psychometrically unimportant.”
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Study of differences in real and ideal self-image
Participants rated their real selves and their ideal selves on both morally-relevant and morally irrelevant dimensions. Examples of morally-relevant dimensions: honest─dishonest, kind─cruel, generous─selfish Examples of morally-irrelevant dimensions: independent─dependent, successful─unsuccessful, optimistic─pessimistic
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Using CMS scores to predict “no shows” in an experiment
High CMS 55 8 63 Low CMS 48 25 73 103 33 136 Note. Chi-square (1) = 8.54, p = .003
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Sidelights on the CMS research
Bill Tooke’s prediction of CMS status based on appearance cues The low CMS women were identifiable in the way he had expected The low CMS men were confusing until he realized that there were two subtypes of low CMS men The scheduler’s problems dealing with prospective participants with low CMS scores.
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Summary The 60-item version of the CMS was found to be internally consistent (α = .91) and temporally stable (test-retest reliability = .94). The data from the EPQ study suggest that the CMS measures an idealist conception of morality as opposed to a relativist one. The data from the real-ideal self image study indicate that the self-ratings of high CMS and low CMS individuals differ only on morally relevant dimensions of the self. Finally, the test of predictive validity showed that low CMS individuals were three times more likely than high CMS individuals to fail to keep their commitment to report to an experimental session.
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