1. Principles of Flight http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/mib.htm
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Go here for the curriculum and more
Principles of Flight

2. NASA Aeronautics Campaign #flyNASA
NASA is with you when you fly.
1:50
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3. Principles of Flight Workshop Outline
Parts of an Airplane Curriculum
Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the National Airspace System
Forces of Flight Curriculum
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4. Principles of Flight Workshop Goals
Identify the parts of an airplane given a simple diagram
Fuselage, cockpit, propeller (or jet engines), tail, horizontal stabilizer, elevator, vertical stabilizer, rudder, wings ailerons, and wing flaps.
Explain in simple terms the function of each part they name.
Explain pitch, roll and yaw using your body.
Gain through experimentation a basic understanding of the four forces of flight.
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5. NGSS Standards Disciplinary Core Ideas Crosscutting Concepts
• PS2.A (Forces and Motion)
• PS2.B (Types of Interactions)
• PS2.C (Relationship between Energy and Forces)
• PS3.A (Definitions of Energy)
• ETS1.A (Defining Engineering Problems)
• ETS1.C (Optimizing the Design Solution)
Crosscutting Concepts
• Cause and Effect
• Systems and System Models
• Stability and Change
• Patterns
Science and Engineering Practices
• Asking Questions and Defining Problems
• Analyzing and Interpreting Data
• Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
• Constructing Explanations and Designing
Solutions
• Engaging in Argument from Evidence
• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
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6. Connections within NGSS Standards
Connections to Nature of Science
• Scientific Investigations Use a Variety of Methods
• Scientific Knowledge is Based on Empirical Evidence
• Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena
Connections to Engineering, Technology, and
Applications of Science
• Influence of Science, Engineering, and
Technology on Society and the Natural World
• Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology
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7. Parts of a Plane National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Aileron: Flap on an airplane wing responsible for roll (tilt)
Cargo: Goods carried as freight on an airplane
Cockpit: The part on an airplane that houses the pilot
Drag: One of the forces of flight; resistance to motion
Elevator: Flap on an airplane tail that controls climb and descent
Engine: A source of power or thrust for an airplane
Fuselage: The airplane body
Horizontal Stabilizer: Part of the tail; prevents the up-and-down motion of the airplane nose, also called pitch
Lift: The force that opposed the weight of an airplane, causes the airplane to lift into the air
Pilot: The person flying the airplane
Pitch: The up and down movement of the airplane nose; controlled by elevator on the tail
Propeller: Revolving curved wood or metal object on an airplane that provides source of power or thrust
Roll: The tilt of the airplane to the right or left
Rudder: The small moving section at the rear of the stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges; controls the yawing motion of the airplane
Tail: Located at the rear of the airplane; provides stability; it usually has a fixed horizontal piece, called the horizontal stabilizer, and a fixed vertical piece, called the vertical stabilizer
Thrust: A force generated by the airplane’s engine, which moves an airplane forward through the air. Thrust is used to overcome the drag of an airplane
Vertical Stabilizer: The vertical wing-like part of the tail that keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, which is called yaw
Wing flaps: Hinged flaps attached to the back edge of a wing located nearest the fuselage; flaps are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of lift produced by the wing
Yaw: Side to side movement of an airplane
Download song at (Parts of an Airplane – Getting on an airplane)
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8. Parts of a Plane
Aileron: Flap on an airplane wing responsible for roll (tilt) Elevator: Flap on an airplane tail that controls climb and descent Fuselage: The airplane body Horizontal Stabilizer: Part of the tail; prevents the up-down motion of the airplane nose (pitch) Rudder: The small moving section at the rear of the stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges; controls the yawing motion of the airplane Tail: Provides stability; it usually has a fixed horizontal and vertical stabilizers Vertical Stabilizer: The vertical wing-like part of the tail that keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side (yaw) Wing flaps: Hinged flaps attached to the back edge of a wing located nearest the fuselage; flaps are deployed downward on takeoff/landing to increase the amount of lift produced by the wing
Aileron: Flap on an airplane wing responsible for roll (tilt)
Cargo: Goods carried as freight on an airplane
Cockpit: The part on an airplane that houses the pilot
Drag: One of the forces of flight; resistance to motion
Elevator: Flap on an airplane tail that controls climb and descent
Engine: A source of power or thrust for an airplane
Fuselage: The airplane body
Horizontal Stabilizer: Part of the tail; prevents the up-and-down motion of the airplane nose, also called pitch
Lift: The force that opposed the weight of an airplane, causes the airplane to lift into the air
Pilot: The person flying the airplane
Pitch: The up and down movement of the airplane nose; controlled by elevator on the tail
Propeller: Revolving curved wood or metal object on an airplane that provides source of power or thrust
Roll: The tilt of the airplane to the right or left
Rudder: The small moving section at the rear of the stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges; controls the yawing motion of the airplane
Tail: Located at the rear of the airplane; provides stability; it usually has a fixed horizontal piece, called the horizontal stabilizer, and a fixed vertical piece, called the vertical stabilizer
Thrust: A force generated by the airplane’s engine, which moves an airplane forward through the air. Thrust is used to overcome the drag of an airplane
Vertical Stabilizer: The vertical wing-like part of the tail that keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, which is called yaw
Wing flaps: Hinged flaps attached to the back edge of a wing located nearest the fuselage; flaps are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of lift produced by the wing
Yaw: Side to side movement of an airplane
Download song at (Parts of an Airplane – Getting on an airplane)
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9. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Pitch: The up and down movement of the airplane nose; controlled by elevator on the tail
Roll: The tilt of the airplane to the right or left
Yaw: Side to side movement of an airplane
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10. Pitch National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Have each student stand with their arms outstretched, pretending they are wings. Next, have them bend forwards and backwards at the waist while keeping their head upright. This demonstrates the effect the elevator has on the airplane.
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11. Yaw National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Have one student in each pair (Student A) stand with his or her arms outstretched, representing wings. Have the other student in the pair (Student B) place his or her hands on Student A’s waist. Now, have Student B twist student A around the waist. This demonstrates the effect the rudder has on the airplane.
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12. Roll National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Place both students’ chairs together so that Student A can lay face down on them, again with his or her arms outstretched.Have Student B hold the arms of Student A, rolling them from side to side on the chair. This demonstrates the effect ailerons have on an airplane.
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13. Parts of a Plane Aileron Fuselage Cockpit Rudder Elevator Wheel
Empennage
Windshield
Engine
Wing
Flap
Winglet
Word Bank
Aileron
Cockpit
Elevator
Empennage
Engine
Flap
Fuselage
Rudder
Wheel
Windshield
Wing
Winglet
ANSWERS
Fuselage = 1
Windshield = 2
Cockpit = 3
Engine = 4
Wheel = 5
Empennage = 6
Elevator = 7
Rudder = 8
Winglet = 9
Aileron = 10
Wing = 11
Flap = 12
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14. Parts of a Plane Fuselage Elevator Windshield Rudder Cockpit Winglet
Engine
Aileron
Wheel
Wing
Empennage
Flap
Word Bank
Aileron
Cockpit
Elevator
Empennage
Engine
Flap
Fuselage
Rudder
Wheel
Windshield
Wing
Winglet
ANSWERS
Fuselage = 1
Windshield = 2
Cockpit = 3
Engine = 4
Wheel = 5
Empennage = 6
Elevator = 7
Rudder = 8
Winglet = 9
Aileron = 10
Wing = 11
Flap = 12
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15. Ikhana: NASA Eyes in the Sky 3:07
3:07
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16. UAS Integration in the NAS Overview K-12 Educator Workshop
Slide from Sam Kim
Sam Kim
IT&E Project Engineer
NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center
Mark Pestana
Research Pilot
NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center

17. The National Airspace System
Slide from Sam Kim

18. A Typical Day in America's Airspace
6:01
Slide from Sam Kim

19. A Typical Day in UK's Airspace
2:33
Slide from Sam Kim

20. UAS Integration in the NAS Project OV-1

21. UAS Pilot Challenges
Slide from Sam Kim

22. Optimal Display of Information
UAS Standards and procedures
Advanced algorithms
Logical displays
Robust command and control ink
Public awareness
Slide from Sam Kim
The challenge is to provide the UAS pilot, far removed from the aircraft, all the information as if he/she was onboard to safely interact with other aircraft (manned and unmanned).

23. Summary
With the use and diversity of unmanned aircraft growing rapidly, new uses for these vehicles are constantly being considered. Unmanned aircraft promise new ways of increasing efficiency, reducing costs, enhancing safety and saving lives.
Active public outreach to inform public that UAS are not just for spying and warfare
The UAS in the NAS project envisions performance-based routine access to all segments of the national airspace for all unmanned aircraft system classes, once all safety-related and technical barriers are overcome.
A phased approach to integration is required to maintain the efficiency and safety of the NAS.
NASA is helping the UAS community achieve these goals
Slide from Sam Kim

24. Four Forces in Flight National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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25. The Four Forces of Flight – NASA SCI Files
(5:26)
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26. Number of Breaths vs Flight Time
Station One: Thrust
· Have each student inflate the balloon using either four breaths or four pumps of a balloon pump.
· Next, have the student let go of the balloon while another student times the length of the flight.
· Record the time the balloon spent airborne on the worksheet.
· Repeat the experiment multiple times with various levels of inflation, recording the number of breaths and the flight time for each trial.
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27. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Station Two: Drag
· Assign two points on opposite sides of the room between which the students can safely run.
· Have one student in the group run at a steady pace from one point to the other, while another student times the journey.
· Now have the same student run again at the same pace as before, but this time holding the open umbrella behind them. Again, time the journey.
· Have each student perform this activity noting the difference between the two times.
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28. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Station Three: Weight
· Pass the two balls around the group. Ensure the students note that the two balls are of different weights by weighing them on the scale.
· Have one student stand on the table or a chair for additional height. Next, have the same student hold the two balls at arm’s length and at equal height.
· Ask the students which ball will hit the ground first, the lighter or the heavier.
· Have the student holding the balls drop them simultaneously while the other students watch.
· Repeat this with the other students taking turns dropping the balls until it is accepted that both balls hit the ground at approximately the same time.
· Next, take two sheets of copy paper and pass them around the group to confirm they are identical.
· Take one sheet of paper and scrunch it into a tight ball, leaving the other untouched.
· Remind the students that both sheets of paper weigh the same. Based on the previous demonstration, ask them to hypothesize as to which sheet of paper will hit the ground first.
· As before, have the students take turns dropping the two pieces of paper, noting which one landed first.
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29. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Station Four: Lift
· Using the fan, have each student hold one hand flat against the blowing stream of air.
· Now have them tilt the front of their hand slightly. They should feel it start to rise.
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30. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

31. Reporting Out Principles of Flight Barbie Buckner, PhD
NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center
EPD Education Specialist

32. Four Forces of Flight Song
(3:30)
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33. Four Forces in Flight National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(4:02)
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