1. REFERENCE PROPERLY AND AVOID PLAGIARISM
Part Two The reference list Harvard System of Referencing

2. This PowerPoint will help you prepare reference lists following the Harvard System of Referencing.
After watching the presentation, do the activities in the accompanying booklet to practice what has been presented here.
Before starting, you should remember that …

3. the reference list is presented in alphabetical order (by author’s surname) and
in it you will complete the information provided in the citations, so that the reader has all the necessary information to find the original sources.

4. Phillips, M. (2014) How to reference, London, Pavilion Press
For example,
Phillips (2014, p32) explains that “referencing must be done consistently throughout your work”.
Phillips, M. (2014) How to reference, London, Pavilion Press
With this citation you are acknowledging that these are not your own words or ideas, but somebody else’s.
With this reference you are providing full details, leading the reader to the original source.

5. In the REFERENCES you will normally include :
Author’s surname AND initial
Date of publication in brackets
Title of publication in italics
Place of publication
Name of publisher
Sometimes variations or additions will be required,
but for now let’s focus on this basic formula.

6. Have a look at this example:

7. Author’s surname AND initial
Year of publication
Title in italics
King, P. (2010) Housing Policy Transformed: the right to buy and the desire to own, Bristol, Policy Press
Place of publication (usually a city)
Publishers

8. As you can see, …
you will need detailed information about your sources in order to compile the reference list,
so it is very important that you take note of these details as you use the sources (instead of trying to find this information when you have finished your essay/report).

9. Let’s have a look at some variations.
Sometimes the basic “formula” for a reference (slide 7) will vary slightly, depending for example on the type of source you have used (website, article, etc.).
Let’s have a look at some variations.

10. Is the book you have used a second or subsequent edition?
Include this information after the title.
Hirst, M. (2001) Andrews and Hirst on criminal evidence, 4th edition, Bristol, Jordan
Burns, T. and Sinfield, S. (2012) Essential Study Skills. The Complete Guide to Success at University, 3rd edition, London, Sage Publications
Does your source have two or more authors? Include the surnames and initials of ALL the authors.

11. Is your source an e-book?
Indicate it after the title and in brackets.
You must also indicate where and when you accessed the e-book, you will normally use the phrases “available from” and “accessed”.
Gerber, M.E. (2003) The E-Myth Manager (E-book) New York, PerfectBound, available from accessed 30 April 2015

12. Is your source a chapter from an edited book?
Author of chapter + book publication date + article title + in + author of book + (ed.) + book title + place of publication + publishers + chapter page numbers
Andrews, G. (2014) Understanding the Stockmarket, in Rawlings, M. (ed.) The Secrets of the Banking Sector, New York, Leaf, pp58-74
Remember: title of the article is NOT in italics, the title of the book IS.

13. Is your source an article from a print journal?
Author of article + date + article title + journal title + volume number + issue number + article page numbers
Herbane, B. (2010) Time for a crisis-based view, International Small Business Journal, Vol 28, No 1, pp43-64

14. What if it is an article from an electronic journal?
As in the previous case, but you add where and when you accessed the source.
McCarthy, L. (2013) Homelessness and identity, People, Place & Policy Online, Vol 7, No 1, pp46-58, available from accessed 20 February 2016

15. Is the source an article from a newspaper or magazine?
Author + year of publication + article title + newspaper/magazine title + exact date + page number(s)
Bowcott, O. (2013) Criminal defendants forced to pay to see evidence, The Guardian, 18 July, p11
What if it is an online newspaper/magazine?
As before, but add where and when you used the source (“available from”, “accessed”)
…available from accessed 15 February 2016

16. Is the source an internet site with author’s name available?
Author + year of publication + title
+ site’s name + “available from …” + “accessed …”
O’Brien, J. (2013) Do sporty women make better entrepreneurs?, BBC News, available from accessed 2 September 2013
If there is no date available, write (nd.) instead of year of publication.
If the source does not have a title, just write the site’s name.

17. Is the source an internet site with NO author’s name available?
Use the site’s name in the first place (instead of the author’s name)
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2011) Government cuts apprenticeship red tape, available from accessed 8 September 2011
If there is no date available, write (nd.) instead of year of publication.

18. Remember to …
collect information about the sources AS you use them
make sure all citations have a corresponding reference in the reference list
write your references in alphabetical order

19. Now it is time for you to practise what you have seen in this presentation by doing the activities in the booklet.
Use the answer key to check your answers or check them with your teacher.
Remember, PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!!