1. The Process of Science Josh Kohut
February 21, 2016
New Orleans, LA

2. Arctic Summer Sea Ice Extent
Source: NASA

3. -0.2
0.2
Temperature trends per year

5. First Field Season Results
Tracking penguins from Humble Island
Where did the Adélie penguins go?

6. Tidal Dependence on Penguin Foraging Behavior?
Diurnal
One high and
one low tide
per day
Water Level – Palmer Station
Diurnal
Semi-Diurnal
Two high and
two low tides
per day
Semi-Diurnal

7. Hypotheses
H1. Convergence zones in the surface waters within 50 km of the coast shift location between the diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal regime.
H2. These convergence zones concentrate phytoplankton and aggregate schools of krill and subsequently influence the behavior of top predator species between tidal regimes.
Please add here what question you hope to answer from your content area/data source that you are presenting on or just presented.

8. The Team … and more! Physics Phytoplankton (Plants) Krill (food)
Penguins
(Top Predator)
… and more!

9. Kristin Harold Janice Kate Sage Carrie Katie Chris Hugh Charles
So who are we all on the Education Team?
Rutgers – Janice, Sage, Carrie, and myself
LSC – Kate, Katie, Harold
Chris – photographer
Cornell – Hugh (writer), and Charles
Chris
Hugh
Charles

10. 22teachers
~1,200 Students

11. Punta Arenas,
Chile
RVIB Laurence M. Gould
Palmer Station

12. Palmer Station
Anvers Island, Antarctica

13. Technology to be deployed: Our adaptive Approach
HF Radar (Physics – Surface / Time)
Mooring (Physics – Vertical / Time)
Gliders (Physics and Primary Producers)
Small Boat Surveys (Physics, Primary Producers and Krill)
Animal Tagging (Adelie Penguins)

16. Surface Currents February 2, 2015 16:00 GMT Velocity (cm/s) 30 25 2010 5
Velocity (cm/s)

19. Surface Currents February 2, 2015 16:00 GMT Velocity (cm/s) 30 25 2010 5
Velocity (cm/s)

20. Occurrence of Convergent Fronts (Percent)
More 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
Less
Semi-Diurnal
Diurnal
Two high and
two low tides
per day
One high and
one low tide
per day

21. Occurrence of Convergent Fronts (Percent)
More 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
Less
Semi-Diurnal
Diurnal
Two high and
two low tides
per day
One high and
one low tide
per day

22. Occurrence of Convergent Fronts (Percent)
More 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10
Less
Semi-Diurnal
Diurnal
Two high and
two low tides
per day
One high and
one low tide
per day

23. Raising New Hypotheses
Antarctic Krill
Saba et. al. 2014
H1. Interannual shifts in the location, duration, and intensity of concentrating features will be matched in space and time by the distributions of key food web components, phytoplankton, krill and Adélie penguins.
H2. Penguin foraging distributions will be more closely coupled to ocean fronts during years with lower krill abundances than during years with higher krill abundances within a 5-year cycle initiated with a krill recruitment event.