1. DNA DNA Structure Video Clip
DNA is the genetic information of all living things. It is stored in the nucleus of every cell and is organized into chromosomes. The information on DNA is determined by the sequence of a 4 “letter” alphabet. Similarly, English stores and transfers information with the English Language made up of 26 letter and computers use binary code with ones and zeros. DNA has a protective structural backbone with information stored inside, like a book has a cover and pages.
DNA Structure Video Clip

2. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Type of nucleic acid
What chromosomes (and genes) are made of
Made of repeating nucleotide subunits

3. DNA Structure Complementary Nitrogen Base Pairs Double Helix
Nucleotide
DNA is the genetic information of all living things. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells and organized into chromosomes. DNA is in a double helix structure, meaning it is 2-sided and twisted. DNA is made up of many nucleotides; one nucleotide contains a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base. The Backbone of the DNA is made of Phosphate and Sugar gives the DNA its structure. The Information on DNA is determined through the sequence of Nitrogenous Bases located in between the 2 backbones. There are 4 Nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. Adenine and Thymine always bond to each other and Guanine and Cytosine always bond with each other; this is called complementary base pairing.
Backbone

4. DNA Structure
DNA is in a double helix structure, meaning it is 2-sided and twisted.
DNA is made up of many nucleotides; one nucleotide contains a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.
The Backbone of the DNA is made of Phosphate and Sugar gives the DNA its structure.

5. DNA Structure
The Information on DNA is on the Nitrogen Bases in between the 2 backbones.
There are 4 Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.
Adenine and Thymine always bond and Guanine and Cytosine always bond; this is called complementary base pairing.

6. Shape of DNA
Double helix: 2 spirals wound around each other

7. Rosalind Franklin x-ray diffraction image of DNA
Confirming helical structure of DNA

8. James Watson and Francis Crick
Interpreted the photo and discovered the double helix structure
They won a Nobel Prize

10. Protein Synthesis
DNA Transcription and Protein Assembly - YouTube

11. Replication Process by which DNA copies itself
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme- helps proof read each DNA strand
chromosomes copy themselves before mitosis and meiosis
Each new piece of DNA is made up of 1 old strand and 1 new strand

12. Replication DNA never leaves the nucleus
DNA is the master copy of the directions a cell needs to live so it needs to be protected.

13. Transcription RNA is a copy of DNA RNA: Ribonucleic acid
Go into cytoplasm
RNA Polymerase
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
You can always make more RNA, but not DNA
How does it know where to copy?
Promoters- specific base sequences in the DNA

14. Transcription RNA is made from 1 gene in DNA
The type of RNA made is called mRNA (messenger RNA)
Sends message from DNA to the cytoplasm

15. Translation mRNA leaves nucleus mRNA attached to a ribosome
tRNA decodes the mRNA and brings amino acids to build the protein
Protein detaches from ribosomes

16. Where does Translation occur?
On the ribosomes