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Published byLily Miller Modified over 6 years ago
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Relationship between CCP and KMT from 1921 to 1935
By: Cheong Kai Lun (3), jason tan xin an (7), Ong Yu Ze (15)
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First united front
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Aim Rid china of foreigners and militaries
Full national independence and unification
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Reasons Russia CCP KMT
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Reasons: Soviet Russia
Soviet Russia saw china as a potential ally However they supported the KMT as they had bigger membership and more influence over workers than CCP
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Reasons: CCP Persuasion from Russian Comintern
Both Russian Comintern and CCP wanted to use KMT base to expand their influence and eventually break away with it At this time CCP only had 432 members Not regarded by Russians as suitable instrument of revolution in China
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Reasons: KMT Achievement of national unification and full national independence Believed that all Chinese should participate in national revolution Could use CCP ties with workers, peasants and Soviet aid to reorganize KMT If CCP developed too fast it might undermine SYS’ cause of national revolution
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Nature of First united Front
CCP joined KMT CCP had to accept order and discipline from KMT CCP had to publicly accept KMT as leader and central force
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Outcome Northern Expedition to conquer South China Expel the warlords
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Northern Expedition
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Aim [KMT aim] Destroy the power of northern warlords (militarily)
[CCP aim] Once warlords defeated, seize China
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Northern Expedition SYS felt strong enough to negotiate with the Northern warlords But he died CKS took over SYS as leader of KMT
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What happened? Once force would attack Wuhan
The other attacks Nanzhang, Nanjing and Shanghai At the same time KMT and CCP fought for peasant and townspeople support
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Northern Expedition
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Outcome KMT and CCP took over half of the warlord dominated area
Led to the breakdown of the First United Front Worsened relations between the CCP and KMT CCP gained support
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The 分手
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Reasons Different political views on change: CCP -> Violent Revolution; KMT -> Gradual Reform CCP activities, aims, methods threatened middle classes who supported KMT SYS death (Helped keep alliance together) Success of Northern Expedition, KMT feel no longer need CCP support Alliance not fully committed ( based on desire for political power)
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Elab on Reasons… CKS alarmed by growing support of CCP
NE caused a rapid growth of support for CCP CCP encouraged workers to go on strike, resulting in fear of revolution by middle-class However, CKS had moved closer to the right wingers, forming personal and political ties with them Communist activities EMBARRASMENT Since KMT conquered Southern China, no need CCP help -> Breakdown of alliance
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What Happened CCP instigated rebellion in Shanghai BEFORE KMT came
KMT came, rounded up communists and killed them Later, KMT executed more communists in Guangzhou, forcing them to flee
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Outcome Communist retreated to countryside
CKS wanted conquer all China Contributed to Shanghai Massacre
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Shanghai Massacre Head (:
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Aim Reduce communist influence and power in China
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Reasons Uncomfertable alliance between the KMT and CCP
Growing support of CCP -> CKS felt power of CCP had to be cut back
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What Happened? CKS wanted to seize Shanghai(which had a lot of communists) during NE General strike by communist broke out Authorities decided to execute suspected communists KMT took control of Shanghai However, communist leadership had no idea what true situation was as they forbid any opposition to KMT
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Outcome Thousands communist killed Communist cells raided
Trade unions eliminateed Communist positions in United Front Dropped
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