1. Federalism

2. Defining Federalism What is Federalism? Intergovernmental Relations -
Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people.
Intergovernmental Relations -
Definition: The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments.
Monday

3. Defining Federalism: please copy down the chart below as a reference for later.
Monday

4. Defining Federalism Why is Federalism so important?
Think about the question, and once you come up with an answer, tell the person to your left.
Tuesday

5. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
The Division of Power
Establishing National Supremacy
State’s Obligations to Each Other
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The Division of Power
Supremacy Clause
The U.S. Constitution
Laws of Congress
Treaties
State Constitutions
State Laws
Establishing National Supremacy
Implied Powers
Commerce Powers
The Civil War
The Struggle for Racial Equality
States’ Obligations to Each Other
Full Faith and Credit
Extradition
Privileges and Immunities

6. Understanding Federalism
Advantages for Democracy
Increasing access to government
Local problems can be solved locally
Hard for political parties / interest groups to dominate ALL politics
Disadvantages for Democracy
States have different levels of service
Local interest can counteract national interests
Too many levels of government - too much money
Block Day

7. Vocab to Know Dual Federalism (Layer Cake Federalism)-
Where states and the national government remain supreme within their own roles.
National: Military, Foreign Policy, Post Office
State: schools, roads, law enforcement
Tuesday
Dual Federalism
Definition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.
Like a layer cake
Ended in the 1930’s
Cooperative Federalism
Definition: A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government.
Shared costs
Shared administration
States follow federal guidelines

8. Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)-
Where the power is shared both by the national government and the state.
Education: State’s responsibility/ Federal Mandates
Medicade: State Managed/ Federally Funded

9. Reserved Powers- Powers reserved to the states or the federal government ONLY. No sharing here
Military, Declaring War, Ambassadors
Concurrent Powers- Powers shared between the states and the Federal Gov.
Tax, build roads, establish court systems

10. Intergovernmental Relations Today
Fiscal Federalism: Please write down ALL terms please
The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie
Categorical: $ can only be used for a specific purpose.
Block: states and communities decide how to spend the $, broad range
Mandates: Congress may/may not give $, but states are REQUIRED to do what is asked
Tuesday:
Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached.
Project Grants: based on merit
Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas
Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs.
Grants are given to states & local governments
The Scramble for Federal Dollars
$400 billion in grants every year
Universalism - a little something for everybody
The Mandate Blues
Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments - but no money

11. Intergovernmental Relations Today
For each of the following graphs & charts, analyze the information and explain how the information represents “New Federalism”.
Tuesday:
Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached.
Project Grants: based on merit
Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas
Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs.
Grants are given to states & local governments
The Scramble for Federal Dollars
$400 billion in grants every year
Universalism - a little something for everybody
The Mandate Blues
Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant.
Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments - but no money

12. Intergovernmental Relations Today
Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (Figure 3.1)
Tuesday:
Reading Charts 101

13. Intergovernmental Relations Today
Fiscal Federalism
Tuesday
Reading Charts 101
Define Fiscal Federalism: Definition: The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments.
Figure 3.2

14. Understanding Federalism
State Welfare Benefits (Figure 3.3)
Block Day: Reading Charts 101

15. Understanding Federalism
Spending on Public Education (Figure 3.4)
Block Day: Reading Charts 101

16. Understanding Federalism
Block Day

17. Understanding Federalism
The Public Sector and the Federal System (Figure 3.5)
Block Day: Reading Charts 101

18. Who Regulates Guns? Feds: States: Interstate Transport Brady Bill
5 day wait period (Unconstitutional)
Federal Background Check (Unconstitutional)
Assault Weapons Ban
Lapsed in 2004
Child Access Prevention
Concealed weapons
Private Sales to Minors
Secondary Sales
Waiting Periods
Licensing (if there is any)
Interstate Transport: Based on Constitutionally reserved powers. Includes “Safe Passge” laws that allow you to lawfully carry a firearm through a state if you are just passing through. Can get you for a federal felony if you cross state lines with a firearm and commit a crime.
Brady Bill (1994) attempted to regulate by mandating background checks and waiting periods. This was struck down by the courts(1997)
1994, Assult Weapons Ban got rid of 19 kinds of military-style assault weapons, allowed to sunset in 2004, so is no longer law.
Child Access Prevention: Most states have laws that seek to prevent children from getting their hands on guns, including ownership
Concealed Weapons: State by state whether they are open carry, concealed carry, etc.
Secondary Sales: Gunshow Loophole
Licensing: Some states require licensing, others don’t.

19. Answer both questions, and take a clear side on this issue.
Should gun control be entirely a federally regulated issue? Or should gun control remain largely regulated by individual states? Who (federal or states) is best suited to solve the problem? Who is best suited to pay for it?
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