1. Commas

2. Commas in Series
In a series of three or more items, place a comma after each item except for the last one. Make sure you write the word “and” before the last item.
Example: Bungee jumping has joined the ranks of surfboarding, skateboarding, and sky surfing as an extreme sport.

3. Commas with 2 Adjectives
Place a comma between 2 adjectives that modify the same noun.
Example: A young, adventurous man jumped off a 300-foot bridge.

4. Commas with Introductory Phrases
Place a comma after introductory phrases
Example: At the beginning of class, Jonathon sharpened his pencil.
Example: Taking a deep breath, the jumper prepared for the dive.

5. Commas with Quotations
Use commas to separate speaker tags from quotes.
Example: Celeste said, “My name has the same root as celestial, which means heavenly.”

6. Commas w/ appositives
Appositive: a word or phrase that identifies or renames a noun or pronoun.
Use commas to set-off an appositive that adds non essential information to the noun/pronoun.
Example:
1) Lindblom, a school, is known for its achievement.
2) The newspaper followed Nancy, the newest member of the skydiving team.

7. Commas w/ asides
Aside: a random statement that is less important than the focus of the sentence.
Often spoken underneath someone’s breath.
Example:
1) Her friend, I hesitate to say, has betrayed her.