1. CLAS/HIST3001
Early Athens

2. But First ... Midterm! Definitions: Who: Lycurgus What: apoikia
Where: Messenia

3. Discussion passages:
“Finally the ultimate partnership, made up of numbers of villages and having already attained the height, one might say, of self- sufficiency – this is the polis. It has come into being in order, simply, that life can go on; but it now exists so as to make that life a good life.”
What is the significance of this passage with reference to Archaic and Dark Age Greek history?

4. The Athenaion Politeia
Though ascribed to Aristotle, not passed down through textual transmission through the centuries
Lost until 1890, when it was discovered in Egypt
Critical to our understanding of early Athenian political history
Authorship disputed

5. Conspiracy of Cylon/Kylon C64
On what does he base his coup?
Why did it fail?
Why is it an important story in the time of Herodotus and Thucydides? (c5th)?

6. Athens' First Nomothetes: Drakon
Noted for harshness, why?
Look at A) and B):
Who are they written by?
How do these inform our debate about authorship?

7. Seventh-century Magistrates of Athens
Nine archons
Basileus
Polemarchos: 'war archon'
The archon, later known as eponymous archon
Six thesmothetai, literally 'decree-placers'

8. The Areiopagus: Hill of Ares
Place today
Panel then:
Former archons

9. Second Law-giver: Solon
Deals with period of stasis
This Greek word means 'gridlock' and civil war
Principally blames the 'love of money and excessive pride' of the elites!
What were his credentials? (C66.5)
What was the most outstanding problem?
Hektemorage:
Sixth-part-ness

10. Economic Classes
Solon's revolution begins by replacing breeding with wealth: C7
What would Theognis think?
What would Hesiod think?
Is this democratic?

11. Sortition
Solon also is said to have used a lottery to chose the magistrates from among finalists C67.8
How does this fit with our idea of democracy?

12. Seisachtheia: Shaking of of Burdens
Aristotle is most beneficial when quoting Solon's poetry, as at end of Crawford p139
What did Solon do for the enslaved?

13. After Solon Solon's rule a 'pseudo-tyranny'? C68
Solon was a failed reformer
like M. Gorbachev, too moderate to succeed
Ath. Pol.: times of no archon, literally anarchia
What was the basis of the strife hereafter?

14. Regionalism
People of Shore, Plain and 'Uplands'

15. Athens' Tyranny 546 - 511 How did he come to power (C69)?
What does the inscription at C71 tell us about how he and Hippias ruled?

16. The Murder of Hipparchos
Why according to Ath. Pol? C72
What doesn't wash about this?
Reign lasted for 3 or 4 more years, but heralded as beginning of democracy (C73)
Why?

17. The Expulsion of the Peisistratids
C74:
What is the major force that makes this happen?
SPARTA!!
Good reason to make the drinking-song about Harmodius and Aristogeiton!
What could Sparta's motivation be?
Not intending Kleisthenes' democratic revolution that followed
Aiming to remove the tyrant as a populist force
Association with the aristocracy of Athens, Alkmaionidai

18. Reforms of Kleisthenes
“an unprecedented fragmentation which facilitated an unprecedented unification”
Phylai = 'tribes'
Hereafter, citizen is someone registered in deme

19. Ostrakismos
Safety-valve of the state C79