1. LO:

2. Recap: Issues with water in HICs
There are problems in supplying water in MEDCs. These are:
the quality of available water
distribution
the seasonal changes in supply
broken pipes when transporting water
Both water supply and the demand for water need to be managed.

3. Managing water supply
In the UK there is a big issue with water supply. Areas which receive high amounts of rainfall tend to be sparsely populated.
One third of the UK population live in South East England. This is also the driest area in the UK.
Ways to manage the water supply include:
making sure the broken pipes are mended (as water loss from broken pipes can be as much as 30 per cent)
using reservoirs and dams in one area to pipe water into large urban areas
making sure that the water supply is of good quality - reducing fertiliser use on farms helps this
The same issues happen in the USA and we will explore water management further in our last case study ‘The Colorado River basin’.

4. Managing water demand
The demand for domestic water can be monitored. Households with water meters in the UK use less water in general than those without. Households can also conserve water. Ways to do this are:
having a shower not a bath
collecting rainwater to use on the garden rather than tap water
recycling bath water to flush the toilets with
installing more efficient versions of appliances such as washing machines
Industries can also look to recycle waste water. For example, when using water for cooling in steel-making, the water can be recycled again and again in the process.
In agriculture, drip-feed irrigation systems could be used rather than sprinkler systems.

5. How can we conserve water?
List at least 5 ways from the video above…..

6. How can we conserve water around the home….

8. Saving water in industry and farming
Good link to Paper 1: Sustainable companies and reducing impact of Climate change
PepsiCo says its water conservation efforts saved the company more than $80 million between
“As a global food and beverage company, water is the lifeblood of our business and the many communities we serve,” PepsiCo’s Al Halvorsen, senior director environmental sustainability global operations, told Environmental Leader. “Conserving water across our global enterprise can have a huge impact on our communities and our planet. From a business perspective, these efforts help us lower our operating costs. By doing more with less, we are able to increase our agricultural yields, strengthen our water infrastructure and deliver cost savings.”

9. Industry: Case study Walkers crisps, Leicester
Walkers have reduced their water usage by 50% saving 700 million liters of water a year.
They have installed water meters
Recycled water in production process
Educated employees about wasting water in sanitation processes- ‘water champions’
Task: use the resources on p155 to explain how water can be conserved in industry

11. Agriculture water conservation in HICs
Explain why drip irrigation is more efficient

12. Drip irrgation
Use of water in irrigation systems is being carefully managed by the use of modern, more efficient systems. Drip-feed and sprinkle systems use much less water than irrigation channels and ditches. It is estimated that drip systems are 90% efficient, with only 10% lost to evaporation, whilst channels and ditches may be only 50% efficient.

16. Q: Examine why water management different in LICs and HICs? (6)

17. Mark scheme
You need to clearly explain a water management scheme in an LIC and HIC- within this case study specific details need to included and you need to clearly explain how this manages the water issue
Explanation of why the management schemes needs in HICs and LICs are different must be included to achieve a level 3 (5-6 mark answer)