1. Greening California’s State Fleet
Applying Data analytics and nudge principles to inform policy and achieve governor brown’s petroleum and green house gas reduction goals
Evan Speer, Chief
California Department of General Services
Office of Fleet and Asset Management

2. Office of Fleet and Asset Management
OFAM manages State Fleet (50,000 assets)
Reviews and approves vehicle purchases – 3,000 purchase requests annually
Provides rental cars – daily (250 assets) and monthly (4,000 assets)
Manages state parking garages
Oversees travel programs
Oversees surplus property and warehouse services

3. Pre-Commitment: Governor’s Fleet Goals
Reduce Our Fleet
2009 – Schwarzenegger Executive Order to reduce fleet 15% across-the-board (4,000 vehicles)
2011 – Brown Executive Order to eliminate non-mission critical or cost-ineffective vehicle (7,000 vehicles)
Green Our Fleet
2012 – Brown Executive Order mandates annual zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) purchasing requirement – 10% of annual light duty fleet purchases by 2015 and 25% by 2020 (1.5M ZEVs by 2025)
Cut statewide petroleum usage by 50% by 2030 (vs. 2003)
Data was critical to inform policy goals / targets and track progress

4. DGS Fleet Dilemma
Must balance between “green” goals and departmental needs
Ex. “Green” vehicles vs. Public Safety vehicles with ”special performance requirements”

5. Using Data & Nudge to Green CA Fleet
Collect Data – FAMS Database
Pre-Commit - Set Policy Goals
Analyze Data – Continuously Review Data
Incentivize – Lower ZEV / Hybrid Prices
Procure – More Vehicle Options and Green Fuel
Nudge – Default Policies
Promote – Marketing and Outreach

6. Analyze Data: Fleet Acquisition Process (FAP)
All State agency fleet purchases require DGS approval
This control ensures that state agency fleets meet federal and state laws, regulations and policies
DGS won’t approve FAP unless departments update FAMS data
State agencies submit annual fleet purchase requests to DGS
DGS uses FAMS data to analyze an agency’s entire fleet and evaluate its utilization, as well as necessary replacement
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

7. Analyze Data: Fleet Analysis (2015)
Comprehensive review of fleet data
Surprisingly, found that Bulk of vehicles are NOT sedans, but trucks/vans/ and SUVs
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

8. Analyze Data: Fleet Analysis (2015)
Public Safety , or special performance vehicles, are exempt from mandate for ZEV purchases (i.e. not counted toward departments’ 10% ZEV goal)
But these made up bulk of annual vehicle purchases in the state!

9. Analyze Data: Green Fleet Website
Worked with vehicle owning agency to perfect data
Launching public website to show state green fleet progress
Will provide Amazon-like features to compare departments
Conclusion
We can leverage data to identify issues so we can make more informed policies to “nudge” toward desired outcomes
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

10. EO B-16-12 ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

11. Incentivize With Rates
Rental Rates
ZEV and hybrid options for daily and monthly rental cost more than internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.
Increase rental cost for ICE vehicles and subsidize ZEV / hybrid vehicles (2015)
State Parking
Prioritize EV vehicles in state parking lots for those on wait list
Discount parking for ZEV and PHEV
Offer free level 1 EV charging in state garages

12. Offer Green Products: SUVs
Data analysis shows need for SUV options
Prioritized state procurement for hybrid SUV options (Highlander and RAV4)
Light duty pickup truck and half-ton truck (PENDING AVAILABILITY)
NASPO Procurement
Working with NASPO and Washington State on leveraged procurement vehicle for ZEVs
Make available to all 50 states to streamline ZEV contracting and potentially lower ZEV costs
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

13. Offer Green Products: Renewable Diesel
Data analysis shows significant use of diesel fuel
Procured renewable diesel and now mandating its use
100% bio-based fuel has 50% - 80% lower carbon footprint than standard diesel
8M gallons annually!

14. Promote Green Fleet: Marketing and Outreach
Make state staff familiar with ZEVs
Multiple outreach – showroom events for fleet managers
Annual AltCar event on Capitol Steps - High media interest
Stakeholder Outreach
Statewide policy workgroups - forums to reinforce “green” direction
Drive Green California brochures – share with state / locals

15. Promote Green Fleet: Marketing and Outreach
Daily vehicle rentals
Make ZEVs a regular component of daily rental fleet to encourage use
Build out EV charging stations
2016 Governor’s ZEV Action Plan – Electrify 5% of all workplace parking spaces at state owned facilities (5,000 spaces by 2025 goal)
1500 stations will be built out for state fleet purposes over the next 5 years

16. Nudge: Pre-Commitment Goals and Default Policies
2012 – Governor’s ZEV Action Plan requires all state fleet vehicle purchases (except public safety) to meet annual ZEV purchasing thresholds
10% by 2015 and 25% by 2020
2013 – DGS requires state departments to submit ZEV purchasing goal plans
ZEV Credit System with CA Air Resources Board to quantify ZEV targets
2015 – DGS sets fuel requirements for new fleet purchases
38 MPG (sedans) and 22.2 MPG (trucks, vans, SUVs)
Fast Track ZEV purchasing – DGS evaluation done post-acquisition
2016 – DGS directive requires bulk purchase of renewable diesel
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

17. Nudge: Pre-Commitment Goals and Default Policies
2016 – Governor’s ZEV Action Plan
Requires 5% increase (annually) of ZEV purchases with 50% goal for 2025
Requires 5% workplace charging in all state-owned parking facilities
Restricts public safety exemption – must require “Code 3” equipment to qualify
2017 – ZEV / Hybrid First Policy
DGS makes ZEVs the default vehicle for all light duty fleet purchases (PHEVs and hybrids if ZEV can’t meet programmatic need) - First in Nation
Amend ZEV Credit System to incentivize purchase of plug-in hybrids
2017 – Revised Lifecycle Replacement Thresholds
Replace vehicles after 6 years, not 10 years (PENDING)
2017 – Eliminate ICE Sedans as purchasing option
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

18. Results: Rapid ZEV / Hybrid Adoption

19. Results: Petroleum Reduction
DGS projects a 30.83% decrease in petroleum over 2003 baseline.
Much of that decrease generated in 2016 with mandated use of renewable diesel.

20. Lessons Learned
Data informs “nudge” – both policy formation and execution
Take away excuses – Give them what they need
Be relentlessly incremental – eventually results in paradigm shift
Cover all angles – data, goals, rates, policies, review, monitoring
Create incentives and disincentives – both carrots and sticks
Must track performance – this is harder than it seems…
EO B ZEV Mandate - Department Resistance
In 2016, one department, which felt unable to incorporate ZEV's  into their fleet without jeopardizing operations, attempted to elevate the issue to the Governor's Office.  However, DGS intervened before said action was taken and sat with department head and used the department’s own fleet data (pulled from our FAMS database) to show how they could meet their ZEV purchasing requirements by strategically targeting specific types of vehicles that are driven in a way that could allow for ZEV adoption. The data provided to the department's executives was extraordinarily eye opening and completely changed the departments approach to ZEV's.  Their leadership is now facilitating ZEV adoption and, to a certain extent, cultural change within the department.   
The Power of Data - Transportation needs for CDCR's Parole Agents
In 2009, CDCR made a major push to expand the number of parole agents it employed due to negative publicity re: Jaycee Lee Dugard (the kidnap victim held hostage by a parolee since 1991).  CDCR sought approval from DGS to buy 200 new vehicles to support the transportation needs of new parole agents.  As part of its approval analysis, DGS used CDCR's FAMS data to look at vehicle utilization across CDCR's 8,000 vehicle fleet; DGS  identified more than 250 CDCR vehicles driven 500 miles or less in the previous year.   Rather than buy new vehicles, DGS worked with CDCR to redirect fleet assets for new parole agents.

21. Questions? Evan Speer, Chief Office of Fleet & Asset Management