1. Neutralization Reactions
Ex: HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH

2. These are double replacement reactions
Ions switch partners. Water is formed.

3. Neutralization Forms Water
H OH-  H2O
from acid from base neutral
This “net” reaction for neutralization is found
on Table I. It is an exothermic reaction.

4. Forming a Salt (+) cation from the base (-) anion from the acid
combine to form a salt.

5. If equal concentrations of hydrogen ion H+ and hydroxide ions OH- are mixed, it results in a neutral solution.
Ex:
.1M LiOH M HCl = Neutral Solution
pH = 7

6. Completing and Balancing Neutralization Equations
Write charges for ions in acid and base.
Switch ion partners. (+ ions stay in front!!)
Do not bring over subscripts except if part of a polyatomic ion!
Criss-Cross charges to balance formulas.
Balance entire equation.
Name the acid, base and salt.

7. You Try It Complete equation and balance formulas Balance equation.
Name acid base and salt
Ex: KOH + H2SO4
KOH + H2SO4 HOH + K2SO4
Ex: Mg(OH)2 + HNO3
Mg(OH)2 + HNO3 HOH + Mg(NO3)2

8. Hydrolysis Opposite reaction to neutralization
Salt + Water Acid + Base

9. Parent Acid/Base
If you know the salt involved you should be able to determine which acid and base it would form if water is added.
Salt + Water Acid + Base
Ex:
NaCl with water (HOH) would form HCl and NaOH

10. You Try It
Name the “parent” acid and base that would be produced from these salts.
Ex: Potassium chloride
Magnesium carbonate

11. Let’s Practice
Which substance is always a product when an Arrhenius acid in an aqueous solution reacts with an Arrhenius base in an aqueous solution?
(1) HBr
(2) KBr
(3) H2O
(4) KOH

12. Which word equation represents a neutralization reaction?
(1) base + acid → salt + water
(2) base +salt → water + acid
(3) salt + acid → base + water
(4) salt + water → acid + base

13. What are the products of a reaction between KOH(aq) and HCl(aq)?
(1) H2 and KClO
   
(2) KH and HClO
(3) H2O and KCl    
(4) KOH and HCl

14. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), can be used to neutralize barium hydroxide,  Ba(OH)2(aq). What is the formula for the salt produced by this neutralization?
(1) BaS       
(3) BaSO3
(2) BaSO2   
(4) BaSO4

15. Which compound could serve as a reactant in a neutralization reaction?
(1) NaCl    
(2) CH3OH
(3) KOH    
(4) CH3CHO

16. Answer: 3

17. Titrations
Purpose:
To determine the concentration of an acid or base through a neutralization reaction.

18. Acid/Base Titration Buret is filled with a “standard solution” of
known concentration (M).
Erlenmeyer Flask contains
solution of unknown conc..
Indicator (phenolphthalein)
added to the flask.

19. Acid/Base Titrations Slowly “titrate” or drip liquid
into flask from buret until
indicator changes color.
This is the “endpoint” or
“equivalence point”.
(Moles H+ = Moles OH-)
Record total volume (V) used
from buret.

20. Molarity Acid x Volume Acid = Molarity Base x Volume Base
Titration Formula
MA x VA = MB x VB
Molarity Acid x Volume Acid = Molarity Base x Volume Base

21. Titration Applet

22. You Try It! A 50 ml sample of .2M HCl is neutralized by
75ml of NaOH. What is the conc. of the base?
HCl NaOH
.2M x 50ml = MB x 75ml
MB = .13M

23. Important Note
Multiply acid/base side of equation by number of H+ or OH- ions it produces when dissociating!!!
Ex:
H2SO4 produces 2 H+ so you would multiply the acid side by “2”

24. You Try It! How much of a .1M H2SO4 solution is
needed to neutralize 50 ml of a .05 KOH
solution?
H2SO4 KOH
2 x .1M x VA = .05M x 50ml
VA = 12.5 ml

25. Titration Demonstration

26. Let’s Practice
During which process can 10.0 milliliters of a 0.05 M HCl(aq) solution be used to determine the unknown concentration of a given volume of NaOH(aq) solution?
(1) evaporation   
(2) filtration
(3) distillation      
(4) titration

27. The data collected from a laboratory titration are used to calculate the
(1) rate of a chemical reaction
(2) heat of a chemical reaction
(3) concentration of a solution
(4) boiling point of a solution

28. A student completes a titration by adding
12.0 ml of NaOH(aq) of unknown concentration
to 16.0 ml of 0.15 M HCl(aq).
What is the molar concentration of the NaOH(aq)?
(1) 0.11 M    
(2) 1.1 M
(3) 0.20 M    
(4) 5.0 M