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GCSE Judaism Paper 2: Unit 2 Practices Public acts of worship
Tenakh and Talmud Private Prayer Shema and Amidah Ritual and Ceremony Shabbat Festivals Synagogue
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Public acts of worship Most common form of worship is prayer
Prayer is the most important part of Jewish worship and synagogues play an important role in this Shabbat, festival, and the Daily Prayers are the most important services that take place publicly in the synagogue These unite the community while providing time for the individual to offer their own prayer of praise and thanksgiving Daily prayers – 3 times a day and often standing, silent when said alone Prayer towards Jerusalem SHABBAT Begins at dusk on Friday and ends Sat night Services in the synagogue Prayers, readings from the Torah Whole family attend SIDDUR Book of daily prayer
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Study and reading of the Torah is common to all synagogues.
Tenakh and Talmud The Talmud is the oral tradition Orthodox Jews – Given to Moses at Mount Sinai. Written down 1000 years later so cant be distorted. Central to Orthodox Jews life Reform Jews – human creation that reflects distilled wisdom of many generations of the Jewish people Two parts – Mishnah and Gemara Rich source of study Source of all Jewish legal teaching and decision The Tenakh is the Jewish Bible and is in 3 divisions – Torah, Nevii’im and the Ketuvim The Torah is the most sacred object Orthodox Jews - regard the Torah as the literal word of God and can not be altered Reform Jews – Believe the Torah is human creation inspired by their understanding and the place of God in lives Importance Different views of the Torah has led to the separation of Orthodox and Reform Jews in both worship and practice. Study and reading of the Torah is common to all synagogues.
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Food laws Jewish life today Nature and purpose
Orthodox Jews – kept the laws, separate utensils for meat and diary Reform Jews – feel they are outdated for example, 3 hour gap before dairy, meat and diary combined Passover – no yeast for the week, deep clean of the house, separate crockery and cutlery Opportunity to bring kedusha or holiness to one of the most essential areas of existence. CONNECT WITH GOD Food that is acceptable – KOSHER (fit) Food that is not acceptable – TREIFAH (torn) Laws are found in the Torah, so are from God Can benefit health Cant eat pigs KASHRUT Jewish food laws Nature and purpose
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Private Prayer Private prayer for Jews who cannot attend the synagogue
Carried out individually or as a family Clear their minds before so they can focus on God Pray 3 times a day, morning (modeh ani – thanking for the gift of life), afternoon and evening Shema (declaration of Faith) is recited at night Shabbat – Kiddush prayer of sanctification (celebrate God’s creation, remember the release of their ancestors from slavery) Prayer – prayer, request and thanks Daily prayer allows connection with God, personal reflection and solitary time with God Hebrew word for prayer means reflection
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Shema and Amidah The Amidah – standing prayer. Praise, thanks and request MEZUZAH Beside all doors and contains the Shema TALLIT Prayer shawl worn by men. Tzitzit (tassels) are the mitvots TEFILLIN 2 small boxes on the head (mind about God) and arm (heart about God) Worn by women in reform / liberal The SHEMA Opening part of the Shema is recited twice a day (morning and evening). Most important prayer. SHEMA Declaration of Faith
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Most rituals followed by all Jews.
Ritual and Ceremony Most rituals followed by all Jews. BIRTH Soul exists in the womb but life begins when the child is half emerged. Born pure and free of sin Purification of mother (Boys – 7days +33, Girls -14days +66) Always given a Hebrew name and English BRIT MILAH Boys are circumcised as stated in the Abraham Covenant. Outward physical sign of God’s covenant Almost always observed Removal of the foreskin by someone religiously qualified BAR / BAT MITVAH Coming of age ceremony Boys – 13 Girls – 12 Can lead services in the synagogue Expected to study and prepare carefully MARRIAGE Very little in the Torah Kiddushin is binding engagement Nisuin – full marriage Half an hour ceremony Reform – allow same sex marriage MOURNING 5 periods of mourning over a year Community takes a lead Tear clothing to show something has changed FUNERAL Cremated Usually within 24hrs Body washed and wrapped in a shroud Plain coffins In the cemetery not the synagogue
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Shabbat in the synagogue
Shabbat is observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening Celebrated in the home on Friday with a special meal Celebrated in the synagogue either Friday evening or Saturday morning which last 2 hours Modern life can make strict observation of Shabbat challenging for Jews The day is important for both family time and Torah study, it is keeping God’s commandment. Shabbat in the synagogue Amidah is recited Shema is recited from the Torah 3) Section of the Torah 4) Torah is returned to the Ark 5) Rabbi delivers a sermon 6) Ends with prayers 7) Kaddish follows, this acknowledges that God is best 8) Final act to sign a hymn Shabbat in the home * Traditionally 3 meals take place at home during Shabbat (Friday evening, Sat morning and late Sat afternoon). * Friday begins with a Kiddush blessing and blessing the challah bread. * End is marked with Havdalah blessing over wine, special candle is lit * Home will be cleaned and tided, decorated with flowers * Abstain from work, cooking, creating or destroying anything Bimah Raised platform in the synagogue where readings are made Havdalah Closing ceremony Shabbat Yad A pointer for following text
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Festivals Festivals are an important part of Jewish life and are used to remember happy times in Jewish history. Families and communities UNITE. 1st Pilgrim Festival: Pesach *Referred to as Passover *Based on the night that God Passed over Egypt and killed the first born *Chametz is removed and not eaten for 7 days *Home is cleaned *Lasts 8 days 2nd Pilgrim Festival: Shavuot *Celebrates the giving of Law *7 week period between Passover and Shavuot *Celebrate the gift of the Torah *Time to explore the texts *Decorate the synagogue 3rd Pilgrim Festival: Sukkot *Begins 4 days after Yom Kippur *Marks end of summer *Feast of the Tabernacles *Celebrated for 8 days Rosh Hashanah Means ‘head of the year’, first day of Jewish new year. Orthodox celebrate for 2 days and Reform 1 day. Anniversary of creation Visit synagoguie, festive meal, eat slice of apple in honey, pomegranate Yom Kippur Day of Atonement – holiest day of the year. Reflect on sins and ask for forgiveness 25 hours of fasting Spent largely in the synagogue Ark is opened DEPENDS ON The JEWISH GROUP MOST IMPORTANT
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Synagogue Synagogue means ‘assembly’ or shul - school
A place to learn and come together as a community Objects of devotion Many features are the same in Orthodox and Reform traditions Faces Jerusalem Orthodox – men and women sit separately Reminder of the temple in Jerusalem Ark and Bimah most important
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