1. The Pelvic Cavity I

2. The Viscera in Pelvic Cavity
Urinary System:
Pelvic ureter & Bladder
Digestive System organs:
Sigmoid colon & Rectum
Reproductive System:
Male & Female internal genital organs

3. Digestive Viscera in Pelvic Cavity

4. Sigmoid Colon
25-35 cm long
- Acontinuation of ?? in front of pelvic brim
- Becomes the rectum ant. To ?? vertebra
- Intraperitoneal  sigmoid mesocolon
- Blood supply: ?

5. Rectum  13 cm long S3  Follow the sacral & coccygeal curves
Anteroinferior to tip of coccyx
Pierce pelvic diaphragm 
Anal canal in perineum

6. Rectum - Lower part dilated  Rectal ampulla - At pelvic diaphragm:
 Puborectalis m. forms a sling around rectoanal jx.
 Anorectal angle (80o)
- Mucous memb. & circular m. layer
 Transverse folds of rectum (3)
(Houston’s valves)
Fxn.: support the weight of fecal matter

8. Rectum
In femal:
 2/3 separated from the uterus by a pouch of peritoneum
 Rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch)
*represents the most inf. Extension of peritoneum
 1/3 separated from vagina by rectovaginal fat & fascia
(Fascia of Otto)

9. Male Internal Genital Organs

10. Male Genital Organs Scrotum, Testes & Epididymides
outpouching of lower anterior abdominal wall into perineum
Internal Male genital Organs:
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland

11. Scrotum
Outpouching of lower anterior abdominal wall that made up of 6 layers
Contents:
Testes & Tunica vaginalis
Epididymides
Lower end of vas deferens

12. Layers of Scrotal Wall 1. Skin Thin & Wrinkled Superficial Fasciae
2. Dartos (Muscle) Fascia
Continuation of ?? In abdomen
Replaced by s.m.
Fxn.: ??
3. Colle’s Fascia
Contributes to median partition of the scrotum which  separates testes

13. Layers of Scrotal Wall Spermatic Fasciae
* Expansion of the distal end of 3 fascial layers of SC
4. External spermatic fascia
From ??
5. Cremasteric (Muscle) fascia
N. S.:
6. Internal spermatic fascia
Derived from transversalis fascia

14. Regulation Mechanisms for Testicular Temperature
Normal spermatogenesis occurs when testes are at 3 C lower than the abdominal temperature Different mechanisms are involved controlling the temp.: 1. Contraction & Relaxation of dartos & cremaster muscles (dartos= G, ??; cremaster = G, ??) 2. Countercurrent heat exchange between testicular a. & v.

15. Testis & Epididymis

16. Testis
A firm mobile organ that lies within the scrotum & responsible for spermatogenesis - Lf. is at lower level than the Rt. (Why?) Protected by a tough fibrous capsule (Tunica albuginea) - Internally: Divided into lobules by By fibrous septa from ?? - Externally: surrounded ant. & on sides by tunica vaginalis

17. Testicular Lobules
Each lobule contains 1-3 coiled seminiferous tubules  Rete (Mediastinum) testis Effernet ductules (tubules) Epididymis

18. Tunica Vaginalis
Fluid filled sac in the scrotum that surround the testes & cushion them
Originated as an inf. extension from peritoneum in abdomen
Processus Vaginalis
*just before birth PV shut off to become TV
Covers the testes all around Excep?? , Why??

19. Hydrocele Testis
Excess fluid in tunica vaginalis around the testis Conginetal or acquired Rx.: Tapping the hydrocele By insertion of a cannula through scrotal skin into the cavity of tunica vaginalis

20. The cannula will traverse 7 anatomic layers to reach the cavity?

21. A highly coiled tubule (6m) that lies posterior to the testis
Epididymis
A highly coiled tubule (6m) that lies posterior to the testis
Composed of:
Expanded head ( part)
Body
Pointed tail ( part)
*vas deferens is a direct continuation
From the epididymic tail that
ascend up on its ?? Side
Fxn.: site for maturation & storage for sperms

22. Blood Supply & Lymph Drainage for Testis & Epididymis
- Artery: ? - Vein: Pampiniform plexus (pampinus = L, tendril)  Reduced to a single vein as it ascends through the inguinal canal - Lymph Drainage: Para-aortic L.N.

23. Torsion (Twisting) of Testis
Rotation of the testis around its spermatic cord within the scrotum that is associated with severe pain
Usually in young adults
Complications:
Obstruction of venous drainage
Edema & hemorrhage
Obstruction of testicular artery
Necrosis
Rx.:
Surgical emergency to (1) correct & (2) Fix (How?)

24. Seminal Vesicles
2 lobulated organs on the base of bladder that responsible for 65-70% of seminal fluid  5 cm long Relation Medially: ?? Post.: ?? Ant.: base of bladder Sup.: ureter Inf.: Narrows to join vas deferens  Ejaculatory Duct Bld supply: inf. Vesical a. & mid. rectal

25. Ejaculatory Duct
2 ducts (one on each side)  2.5 cm long ED= VD + duct of SV Pass anteroinferior through post. Part of prostate along the sides of Prostatic Utricle Open into prostatic urethra (seminal colliculus) beside the orifice of Prostatic Utricle

26. Prostate Gland
A fibromuscular glandular organ that surrounds the urethra from the neck of the bladder until urogenital diaphragm Walnut shaped gland (base & apex) Largest male reproductive gland ( 3 cm long & 4 cm wide) Covered with 2 fascial layers: - Fibrous capsule (inside) - Fascial Sheath (outside) Visceral layer of pelvic fascia *In between  prostatic plexuses of veins & nerves

27. Structure of the Prostate Gland
5 lobes
1. Ant. Lobe (isthmus)
Infront of the urethra
Devoid of glands (fibromuscular part)
2. Median (Middle) lobe
Wedged between urethra & ??
Rich in glands
In close relation to bladder trigone
3. post. Lobe
Behind urethra & below ??
Contains glandular tissue

28. Structure of the Prostate Gland
AMZ CZ PZ
4 & 5. Rt. & Lf. Lat. Lobes On either side of urethra Contain many glands *Clinicians (Urologists) divide the gland into: Ant. Muscular zone (Isthmus) Central zone (Middle lobe) Peripheral zones
AMZ CZ PZ U