1. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESS

2. T0PIC
CELLULOSE ACETATE

3. INTRODUCTION: Cellulose acetate is the acetate ester of cellulose.
PAUL SCHUTZENBERGER discovered that cellulose could react with acetic anhydride to form cellulose acetate in 1865.
Cellulose acetate is used as a film base in photography, as a component in some coatings, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.

4. CHEMICAL REACTION:

5. PROPERTIES: Cellulose acetate is a thermoplastic polymer.
It is transparent, glossy and reasonably hard for a thermoplastic.
High impact and mechanical strength.
Selective absorption and removal of low levels of certain organic chemicals.
Easily bonded with plasticizers, heat, and pressure.

6. RAW MATERIALS: Cotton linters Acetic anhydride Acetic acid
Sulphuric acid

7. MANUFACTURING PROCESS:
Manufacturing of cellulose acetate is based upon acetylation of cellulose with acetic anhydride using sulphuric acid as catalyst.
Before acetylation, cellulose is activated by treatment with glacial acetic acid. This causes swelling of cellulose.
It is then treated with excess acetic acid and acetic anhydride. After mixing sulphuric acid, strong endothermic reaction begins.
Containers are used, cooled and kept below 30° C in order to obtain complete homogeneous product.
Reaction stopped by the addition of sufficient water to make 95% of solution of acetic acid. If minimum degradation is desired, hydrolysis is conducted more slowly at low temperature.
After sufficient hydrolysis, secondary acetate is slowly precipitated by addition of excess water or dilute acetic acid.
Large volume of dilute acetic acid is obtained as by product and efficient recovery and reconcentration process are necessary.

8. FLOW DIAGRAM:

9. USES:
Cellulose acetate is an important polymer used in manufacturing of cellulose acetate yarn, plastic, photographic films etc.
Used in all kind of women's & men's wear.
Sheets are used as transparent wrapping materials.
Used for insulating purposes.
Semi permeable membranes made from cellulose acetate fibers have a remarkable potential in desalination of water.
Cellulose acetate hollow fibers are suitable for gas separation and hemodialysis.

10. DEGRADABILITY MECHANISM:
Environmentally degradable plastic
Trees
Wood pulp
Cellulose
Polymer manufacturing
Consumer products
Degradation mechanisms: Biological Photo Chemical

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