1. From Silicon to Microelectronics Yahya Lakys EE & CE 200 Fall 2014

3. Outline Introduction How Transistors Work ? Logic Gates FPGA & ASIC
New Trending Technologies

4. Introduction
Syllabus
Microelectronics

5. How Does a Transistor Work?
Semiconductor, Silicon and transistors

6. Digital Logic Gates Digital Logic Function Product AND (&) Sum OR (|)
3 Inputs
SUM of PRODUCTS
Black Box
Truth Table
Boolean Logic Minimisation
Connect Standard Logic Chips
Very Simple Glue Logic
FIXED Logic
Transistor Switches

7. Integrated Circuits
Standard Cells

8. Programmable Logic Devices PLDs
Un-programmed State
Planes of
ANDs, ORs
Different Types
SUM of PRODUCTS
Prefabricated
Programmble Links
Reconfigurable
Logic Function
Inputs
Sums
ANDs OR
Programmed PLD
Product Terms
Sum of Products
Source :

9. How can we make a “programmable logic”?
SRAM-based (Memory)
Reconfigurable
Track latest SRAM technology
Volatile
Generally high power
Anti-fuse technique
One-time programmable
Non-volatile – security app.

10. Field Programmable Gate Arrays FPGA
‘Simple’ Programmable Logic Blocks
Massive Fabric of Programmable Interconnects

11. FPGA – Look Up Table
LUT contains Memory Cells to implement small logic functions
Each cell holds ‘0’ or ‘1’ .
Programmed with outputs of Truth Table
Inputs select content of one of the cells as output

12. Logic Blocks
Larger Logic Functions built up by connecting many Logic Blocks together

13. Circuit Compilation

14. Routing Example
FPGA

15. Application Specific Integrated Circuit ASIC
Designed for a specific use or application
NRE – Non Recurrent Engineering
Cost
High volume products

16. ASIC Design Flow

17. ASIC vs FPGA

18. Moore’s Law

19. New Trending Technologies
Technology shrinking bottleneck
Leakage issues

20. New Trending Technologies
Carbon nanotubes
Magnetic devices
Graphene

21. Thank you!