1. Fresh Water Vocabulary/Notes

2. 1. Most of the Earth’s water is…
saltwater (pg. C72)

3. 2. water cycle
constant renewal of water

4. 3. Groundwater-
water that seeps into the ground

5. 4. Water table-
water that sits above the ground

6. 5. Aquifer-
an underground layer of rock or soil that is filled with water

7. 6. Spring-
water that seeps out of the ground; it feeds water into lakes and streams

8. 7. Wells-
holes dug in the ground below the water table

9. 8. Reservoirs-
storage areas for fresh water

10. What Makes Acid Rain?
burning fossil fuels + rain = acid rain

11. How can fresh water be polluted?
Pollutant
How does it pollute the water?
precipitation
Rain or snow picks up pollutants in the air (turns to acid rain)
runoff
Water runs over dumped garbage on the ground; this waste ends up in streams and lakes
groundwater
As water soaks into the soil it can pick up chemicals like pesticides
industry
Water used by companies gets polluted (example: water used to make paper is filled with fibers and chemicals)
household waste
You do it! Brushing teeth, bathing, washing dishes, flushing the toilet, cleaning your house

12. Question time!
When it rained one morning, Jack saw a puddle of water form in the street. In the evening the puddle was gone. The water probably disappeared by:
A) Condensation C)Precipitation
B) Evaporation D)Expansion
Two children in a wading pool notice that the water level is lower than it was the week before. What happened to the water?
A) Some of the water evaporated.
B) The pool absorbed some of the water.
C) Condensation caused the water to disappear
D) Toys in the pool absorbed some of the water.

13. After boiling an egg in a pot of water, a cook notices that much of the water is gone. What happened to the water?
A) The egg absorbed the water.
B) Most of the water evaporated.
C) Condensation formed on the inside of the pot.
D) Condensation formed on the outside of the pot.
In the water cycle, what is the role of the sun in the process of cloud formation?
A) The sun condenses water vapors.
B) The sun evaporates water into vapors.
C) The sun makes vapors stick to each other.
D) The sun makes clouds float in the atmosphere.

14. Which best describes how oceans can affect temperatures in nearby land areas?
A) On cooler days, water from the ocean does not evaporate as much. Less cloud development allows the sun to warm nearby land areas.
B) On warmer days, water from the ocean evaporates and develops into clouds. These clouds bring rain and cooler temperatures to nearby land areas.
C) The surface of the ocean water warms or cools the air above it. The warmed or cooled air moves over nearby land areas and affects the temperature.
D) The surface of the ocean water warms more quickly during the day than land does. The ocean waves break on nearby land areas and affect the temperature.

15. A student fills a glass with ice water and leaves it sitting on a table. Several minutes later, the student sees that the outside of the glass is covered with drops of water. Which of these best explains how the drops of water formed?
A) The water in the glass soaked through tiny holes in the glass.
B) The ice in the glass melted and spilled over the sides of the glass.
C) Water vapor in the air was cooled by the glass and turned into drops on the outside of the glass.
D) Oxygen in the air was cooled by the glass and changed into water drops on the outside of the glass.

16. Which is the most likely reason for the lower water level of some lakes in the summer?
A) The water in the lake drains away.
B) The water in the lake is destroyed.
C) The water in the lake is absorbed by the sun.
D) The water in the lake goes into the atmosphere.
Which of these statements correctly describes the evaporation of water in the water cycle?
A) Water turns from a liquid to a solid.
B) Water turns from a liquid to a gas.
C) Water disappears and no longer exists.
D) Water falls back to the surface of the Earth.

17. How is the water in the seas and oceans recycled?
A) by the formation of ocean waves.
B) by the formation of clouds and rainfall.
C) by the formation of underground rivers.
D) by the formation of icebergs and glaciers.
Which of these best describes how water changes when it is evaporated by the sun?
A) It is absorbed by the sun.
B) It is absorbed by the ground.
C) It disappears as it floats into the sky.
D) It turns into gas and mixes with the air.