1. Matter 1.3

2. Properties of Matter Include:
How it looks (shiny, dull, colored)
How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth)
How it smells (sweet, salty, flowery)
How it sounds (loud, soft, hollow)
How it tastes (sweet salty, bitter, sour)
What it does (bounce, bubble, tear)

3. Characteristic Properties
Properties that do NOT change as mass, volume and/or shape change.
Properties of a substance, not a specific object.

4. Characteristic Properties
Because characteristic properties are usually not affected by physical changes, they can be used to identify matter.

5. Examples Include: boiling point melting point solubility conductivity
hardness pH
flammability
density

6. Examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point
Physical Property
Characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance.
Examples: color, size, shape, density, melting point, boiling point

7. Examples: flammable, combustible, may react to light
Chemical Property
Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.
Examples: flammable, combustible, may react to light

8. Physical Changes Physical Change
Changes the form or appearance of a substance. (size, shape, state of matter)
Does not change substance into anything new.
Examples
Whipping eggs
Boiling water
Dissolving sugar
Dicing vegetables
Melting ice
Cutting paper
Breaking glass
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9. Physical Changes Physical Changes Smooth Changing the state of matter
Changing the color
Changing the temperature
Changing the shape
Changing the texture
Smooth
Physical changes are limited to changes that result in a difference in display without changing the composition. Some common changes (but not limited to) are: 
Texture
Color
Temperature
Shape
Change of State (Boiling Point and Melting Point are significant factors in determining this change.)
Physical properties include many other aspects of a substance. The following are (but not limited to) physical properties. 
Luster
Malleability
Ability to be drawn into a thin wire
Density
Viscosity
Solubility
Mass
Volume 
Any change in these physical properties is referred to as a physical change.
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10. Physical Changes Breaking Watermelon Ice Cream melting Patio cracking
Breaking food into small pieces

11. Chemical Changes Chemical Change
When two or more substances join to form new substances with new chemical properties.
Examples
Iron rusting
Gas burning
Eggs cooking
Bread rising
Fireworks explore, rusting metal
Help student understand that when a chemical reaction occurs what they see is the chemical change.
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12. Chemical Changes Rusty car Sodium and chlorine make salt
Digesting food

13. Evidence of Chemical Changes

14. Chemical Changes Combustion/Burning
A chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen accompanied by giving off heat and or light.
This is a permanent change that cannot be undone.
Examples:
Wood burning
Candle
Rusting
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15. Chemical Changes Bubbles Form
When gases produced in a chemical reaction are released.
Examples:
Alka-Seltzer
Bubbles in sodas
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16. Chemical Changes Unexpected Temperature Change
During chemical bonding, energy is released or absorbed making their surroundings hotter or cooler.
Examples:
Adding salt to ice lowers its freezing point.
Body temperature changes to fight infections.
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17. Chemical Changes Unexpected Color Change
New molecules created in a chemical reaction radiate light differently producing new colors.
Examples:
Fireworks
Leaves a change color
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18. Chemical Changes Precipitates Form
When a solid suddenly appears in a solution and settles to the bottom, collects on another object, or makes the solution cloudy.
Examples:
Milk souring
Bath tub rings
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21. Candle What is happening Is the candle changing?
What does it mean to burn?
What does it mean to melt?

22. Vinegar What is happening? Is anything being produced (created)?
What are the bubbles?

23. Milk
What is happening?
Can we return to just milk?

24. Steel Wool What happened?
Why do the steel wool samples smell different?

25. Reversing Chemical Changes
Chemical changes produce new substances, therefore they usually cannot be undone
Can’t change fried egg back to raw egg
If they can be undone, they are undone by other chemical changes

26. The Law of Conservation of Mass
Says that the mass of ALL substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of ALL substances after the change.
When wood burns, it is changed into ashes oxygen and carbon dioxide and water vapor (the mass is still the same)!