1. MOTION IN TERMS OF POSITION, TIME, AND VELOCITY

2. DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT

3. MOTION & MOVEMENT ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION
HAPPENS ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE PATH
EXAMPLE
A CAR TRAVELLING EAST, WEST, NORTH, OR SOUTH
MOVEMENT – A CHANGING POSITION
IMAGINE THE CAR AS A SINGLE PARTICLE TRAVELLING ALONG A NUMBER LINE

4. DESCRIBING CHANGING POSITION (MOTION)
SCALARS – DESCRIBE SIZE OR MAGNITUDE, BUT NO INFORMATION CONCERNING THE DIRECTION
EXAMPLES
A CAR’S ODOMETER
DISTANCE = MILES DRIVEN
A CAR’S SPEEDOMETER
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED OF THE CAR
VECTORS – TERM USED WHEN REFERRING TO BOTH MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION
EXAMPLES
DISPLACEMENT = 30 KM EAST
DISTANCE = 30 KM
DIRECTION = EAST
VELOCITY = 40 KM/HR WEST
SPEED = 40 KM/HR
DIRECTION = WEST

5. VECTOR OR SCALAR A RACECAR MOVING AT 110 MPH?
A TURTLE STROLLING AT 200 CM/MIN?
AN SUV MOVING AT 40 KM/HR EAST?

6. A SYSTEM MUST HAVE A ZERO POINT OR ORIGIN
POSITION
POSITION – DEFINED AS SOME LOCATION ON A COORDINATE SYSTEM
1-DIMENSION = A SINGLE NUMBER LINE (X COORDINATE)
2-DIMENSION = CARTESIAN COORDINATE PLANE (X,Y)
3-DIMENSION = 3D COORDINATE (X,Y,Z)
HUMAN EXISTANCE = 4D COORDINATE (X,Y,Z,TIME)
A SYSTEM MUST HAVE A ZERO POINT OR ORIGIN

7. 1 – DIMENSIONAL MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE (# LINE)
MUST HAVE A DESIGNATED ZERO POINT OR ORIGIN
NEGATIVE VALUES TO THE LEFT (OR DOWN)
POSITIVE VALUES TO THE RIGHT (OR UP)

8. DISTANCE & DISPLACEMENT
SCALAR QUANTITY GIVING THE POSITIVE LENGTH BETWEEN TWO POINTS
WE CAN DETERMINE DISTANCE TRAVELLED USING THE EQUATION:
*X = IP1-P2I + IP2-P3I +…
DISPLACEMENT
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FINAL AND INITIAL POSITIONS
WE CAN FIND DISPLACEMENT USING THE EQUATION:
*Δx = Pf – Pi,
where Pf is the final position of the object and Pi is the initial position of the object.

9. SPEED VS VELOCITY

10. AVERAGE VS INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
AVERAGE SPEED: TOTAL DISTANCE TRAVELED DIVIDED BY TOTAL TRAVEL TIME
DISTANCE RECORDED ON A VEHICLE’S ODOMETER DIVIDED BY TOTAL TRAVEL TIME
INSTANTANEOUS SPEED: THE SPEED OF AN OBJECT AT A PARTICULAR MOMENT(INSTANT) IN TIME
READING ON YOUR SPEEDOMETER AT ANY GIVEN MOMENT
SPEED LIKE DISTANCE IS A SCALAR QUANTITY AND THUS ALWAYS POSITIVE
SPEED LIKE DISTANCE PROVIDES NO INFORMATION ABOUT DIRECTION

11. FORMULA: * V = (PF – PI)/(TF-TI)
AVERAGE VELOCITY
VELOCITY IS DIFFERENT THAN SPEED BECAUSE IT IS A VECTOR QUANTITY AND AS SUCH WILL HAVE BOTH MAGNITUDE AND DIRECTION.
VELOCITY IS THE COMBINATION OF SPEED AND DIRECTION
DEFINITION OF VELOCITY: CHANGE IN POSITION DIVIDED BY CHANGE IN TIME
CHANGE OF POSITION CAN BE EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE, SO VELOCITY CAN BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE.
FORMULA: * V = (PF – PI)/(TF-TI)

12. CALCULATE THE AVERAGE VELOCITY
DETERMINING AVERAGE VELOCITY
IF THE MOTION IS ALWAYS IN THE SAME DIRECTION, THE AVERAGE VELOCITY WILL HAVE THE SAME NUMERICAL VALUE AS THE AVERAGE SPEED, EXCEPT THAT A DIRECTION OF MOTION MUST ALSO BE GIVEN.
IF MOTION CHANGES DIRECTION, THE AVERAGE VELOCITY WILL BE DIFFERENT THAN THE AVERAGE SPEED.
AVERAGE VELOCITY DEPENDS ON THE TOTAL DISPLACEMENT AND TOTAL ELAPSED TIME
DISPLACEMENT = PF – PI
CAN BE POSITIVE – POSITIVE AVERAGE VELOCITY
CAN BE NEGATIVE – NEGATIVE AVERAGE VELOCITY
CAN BE ZERO – AVERAGE VELOCITY = ZERO

13. AVERAGE VS INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY REFERS TO VELOCITY AT A SPECIFIC TIME, SUCH AS T=3.5 SECONDS. IT IS LIKE THE READIN OF A SPEEDOMETER COMBINED WITH A POINT FOR CURRENT DIRECTION.
IN PRACTICE, WE CANNOT FIND A TRULY INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY. INSTEAD, WE FIND AN AVERAGE VELOCITY OVER SMALLER INTERVALS OF TIME (ΔT).
HOW A SPEEDOMETER WORKS
*SPEED = CIRCUMFERENCE OF TIRE/TIME TO COMPLETE A SINGLE ROTATION.
IN GENERAL, THE SLOPE OF THE LINE TANGENT TO A ‘POSITION-TIME’ CURVE ON A GRAPH GIVES THE INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY.

14. DESCRIBING THE MOTION OF AN OBJECT
GRAPHING HELPS GIVE US INSIGHT INTO HOW AN OBJECT MAY OR MAY NOT BE MOVING
EXAMPLE 1 – MR. JONES
EXAMPLE 2 – TWO CYCLISTS
GRAPHING TOGETHER AS A CLASS.