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Chapter 22: The Civil War
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C22.2: Preparing for War
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Northern strengths: more resources
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North’s Weaknesses Poor military leadership Many officers resigned
Had to fight people who were defending their way of life
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Southern Strengths Hard for North to conquer so much land
Long coastline hard to block Only need a strong defense Excellent military officers
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Southern Weaknesses Poor economy for a long war Few factories
Few railroads Not enough horses and mules Confederate money not worth much
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Union President Abraham Lincoln
Early Life Childhood Home From poor Kentucky family Mother died One year of schooling Loved reading, learning Moved to Illinois, age 21 Store clerk, rail-splitter, surveyor, postmaster Self-taught lawyer
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Lincoln’s Beliefs The Union could never break Tolerant of others
Slavery morally wrong
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Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Early Life Childhood Home Born in rural Kentucky Grew up on small Mississippi plantation Attended West Point Fought in Mexican War Secretary of War under President Pierce U.S. Senator
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Davis’s Beliefs States’ rights Secession is right
South fighting for freedom like America’s founders Government should be based on consent of the governed
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C22.3: Bull Run – A Great Awakening
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Union Strategy Cut South’s ability to trade Divide the South
Take over Richmond
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First Battle of Bull Run, 1861
Union planned to attack Richmond Woman warned Confederate forces Washington citizens came to watch 2 armies met at Manassas Creek Gen. Stonewall Jackson led Confederate charge Union troops retreated Will be a long war
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C22.4: Antietam – A Bloody Affair
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Union Blockade Union navy set up blockade of southern ports, 1861
Confederacy asked Britain for protection; refused South couldn’t export cotton South couldn’t import supplies
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Battle of Antietam, 1862 Gen. Robert E. Lee led Confederate troops to Maryland Union found Lee’s plans Met at a creek Confederates retreat Bloodiest one day battle in U.S. history
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Casualties Union: 2,100 dead 10, 300 wounded Confederacy: 2,700 dead 11,000 wounded
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C22.5: Gettysburg, A Turning Point
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