1. Neoclassicism ca

2. Table of Contents French
Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Great Saint Bernard Pass
The theories of the Enlightenment came to fruition in political and social revolutions around the world ( America in 1776 and France in 1789)
Napoleon came to power in 1799 as “first consul” after the French Revolution and mass murder of members of the aristocracy
Patterned the French nation after Rome
Declared himself emperor in 1804 and ruled as monarch until 1814
Died in exile in 1821
The French brought back the monarchy in 1814
Utilized the power of art and architecture to influence the populace and perpetuate his political motives
This pass is associated with the Roman general Hannibal and the first Christian Holy Roman Emperor Charlemagne
David, Napoleon Enthroned
Napoleon as omnipotent and god-like
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3. Table of Contents Jean-Francois Chalgrain, Arc de Triomphe ------
Revival of Greek and Roman forms
The classical ideals of heroism, self-sacrifice, and stoic resolve were renewed to give form to new social and governmental systems
Neoclassical art and architecture was often derived from specific antique models and was archeologically accurate
In 1748, excavations began at the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum
In 1764, the first history book, History of Ancient Art, was published by Johann-Joachim Winkelmann and it extols the “noble simplicity” and “quiet grandeur” of ancient art
Unlike the Renaissance which had supporters from an elite group of scholars and artists, Neoclassicism was a popular movement with all people
Paris became the new Rome
Copies a Roman triumphal arch
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4. Table of Contents David, Oath of the Horatii ---------
Rather than imitate specific antique paintings (of which there were few), Neoclassical painting reflects the ideals of the movement: order, symmetry, linearity, clear, centralized composition, and antique subject matter devoted to high ideals
Depicts men of the Horatii family pledging their lives to the State
Subject comes from the contemporary play by Corneille inspired by ancient history
Composed in “threes” and triangles
Uses color sparingly
David, Death of Socrates
Depicts the ancient philosopher Socrates, who swallowed poison knowingly
Communicates the ultimate self-sacrifice for the common good
Angelica Kaufmann, Cornelia
Kaufmann was a Swiss painter
Depicts and ancient Roman matriarch who valued motherhood over material possessions
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5. Table of Contents America
John Singleton Copley, Portrait of Paul Revere
Self-trained artist, who returned to England after the Revolution, where he became known as a history painter
Represents the hero of the Revolution as a working man
Copley, Watson and the Shark
Depicts an actual event that took place in the Caribbean in 1749
Uses and antique sculpture as a model
Composed in “threes” and triangles
Thomas Jefferson, Rotunda
Third president of the U.S. and founder of the University of Virginia
Traveled extensively in Europe and designed his own home and the university campus in the Neoclassical style
Modeled after the Pantheon in Rome
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6. Map of Europe

7. Napoleon Crossing the Great Saint Bernard Pass
Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Great Saint Bernard Pass, ca.1800, oil on canvas

8. Napoleon Enthroned
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Napoleon Enthroned, 1806, oil on canvas

9. Arc de Triomphe
Jean-François Thérèse Chalgrin and others, Arc de Triomphe, , Paris

10. David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784, oil on canvas

11. David, The Death of Socrates, 1787, oil on canvas

12. Cornelia Presenting Her Children
Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting her Children, 1785, oil on canvas

13. Portrait of Paul Revere
John Singleton Copley, Portrait of Paul Revere, 1770, oil on canvas

14. Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1778, oil on canvas

15. University of Virginia Rotunda
Thomas Jefferson, Rotunda, , University of Virginia, Charlottesville

16. Neoclassicism
the revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music; originated in Rome in the mid-eighteenth century, combining a reaction against the late Baroque and Rococo with a new interest in antiquity.