1. The Great Century and Beyond“

2. 1492 and the New World History of Muslims in Iberian peninsula
Columbus sails
Aztecs and Incas
Roman Catholicism at the point of a sword
Pre-Reformation and Inquisitional
Syncretism and slavery
Half for Spain and half for Portugal

3. Dark & Desperate Times Rome was littered with poisoned bodies
Popes kept mistresses
Gutenberg Press 1455 allowed for Bibles
John Hus, et al advocated reforms - persecuted
Indulgences and other abuses
Reformation was not evangelistic outreach as some Reformers thought Great Commission was not applicable to us.

4. REFORMATION The Just Live by Faith! Luther, Calvin, Zwingli 95 theses
Some Protestant missions during this time but not the emphasis of the Reformers-why?
Faulty hermeneutics
Struggles against Catholicism
No monastic orders like the Catholics
But Calvinist Huguenots, Eliot, Brainerd, Edwards, etc.

5. Cutting the Catholic Roots
French and American revolutions
Great Awakening in the Colonies
Preaching and ministry of Wesley, Whitefield, and others
Dissolution of the Jesuit order

6. Pietists Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur
Philip Spener, August Franke, Hans Egede
Count Ludwig von Zinzendorf and Moravian Missions –
Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur
Zinzendorf was disciple of
Franke and gave fortune for
missions.

7. Protestant Precursors
Anglican Societies for Missions
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (John Eliot and David Brainerd)
These societies served as a model for William Carey’s Baptist Society

8. The Great Century
Nineteenth century has been so called by Kenneth Scott Latourette
Counted from the sailing of William Carey to the first World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh, Scotland
The primary Roman Catholic emphasis was reordering of missions efforts since Jesuit problems
This Great Century is mainly Protestant advance

9. William Carey (1761-1834) Father of Modern Missions
Bivocational Baptist pastor among hyper- Calvinists
Many hobbies – botany, geography, languages
Profoundly influenced by life/writings of Eliot, Brainerd and the apostle Paul
1792 “An Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of Heathens”
“Attempt Great Things; Expect Great Things”
Isaiah 54:2,3

10. Carey’s 5-pronged Philosophy of Missions
1) Widespread preaching
2) Distribution of the Bible in the vernacular
3) Church planting
4) Profound study of non-Christian religions
5) Ministerial training in a comprehensive program

11. William Carey’s Legacy
Over forty translations of the Bible
Dozen mission stations all over India
Grammars and dictionaries in many languages
3 sons who became missionaries
Abolition of sati
Translation of the Hindu classics into English
Premier horticultural research and training

12. “ “The Father of Modern Missions” William Carey...
was the first man to stand against both the ruthless murders and the widespread oppression of women, virtually synonymous with Hinduism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The male in India was crushing the female through polygamy, female infanticide, child marriage, widow-burning, euthanasia and forced female illiteracy, all sanctioned by religion. The British Government timidly accepted these social evils as being an irreversible and intrinsic part of India's religious mores. Carey began to conduct systematic sociological and scriptural research. He published his reports in order to raise public opinion and protest.... It was Carey's persistent battle against sati for twenty-five years which finally led to Lord Bantinck's famous Edict in 1829, banning one of the most abominable of all religious practices in the world: widow-burning. — Ruth and Vishal Mangalwadi "Who (Really) Was William Carey?," Perspectives on the World Christian Movement: A Reader, 3rd ed., p. 527.

13. Outstanding Missionaries
Serampore Trio- Carey, Marshman, Ward
Henry Martyn – Calcutta (translation work) Kolkatta
Robert Morrison – China (1st convert after 7 yrs)
30 LMS missionaries to South Sea Islands
Tahiti, Tonga, Marquesas
Some eaten by cannibals
Some succumbed to temptations by island women
Some assimilated
Few made converts

14. Outstanding Missionaries
Ann and Adoniram Judson to Burma
First American Baptist missionaries
Embraced believers baptism on voyage to Carey
Luther Rice returned to raise support
May 1814 General Missionary Convention of the Baptist Denomination in the USA for Foreign Missions (Triennial Convention, whew!)
George Lisle – liberated slave was 1st American to go abroad to plant a church (Jamaica 1792)

15. The Call to Service” J. Hudson Taylor
The call to China
Medical and surgical training
Financial provision and the avoidance of accumulation
A New Agency Needed:
Failure of heath
Burden for Inland China
The faith to trust in the Lord’s provision for what He has commanded.
“China’s Spiritual Needs and Claims” J. Hudson Taylor Article written as a tool for recruiting workers for China Inland Mission

16. Outstanding Missionaries
Hiram Bingham – Hawaii (Michenor’s version)
Lott Cary and Collin Teague (1821) Liberia
Robert Moffat, David Livingstone, Alexander Duff
Rufus Anderson, Henry Venn, Francis Wayland (3 self)
George Dana and Sara Boardman (Tri’s to Burma)
John Nevius, Mary Slessor, William Bagby
Lottie Moon, Amy Carmichael, Samuel Zwemer

17. 1910 First World Missionary Conference – Edinburgh, Scotland
Carey’s dream becomes a reality
1200+ representatives
No Roman Catholics were invited
“The Evangelization of the World in this Generation” J.R. Mott and the Student Volunteer Movement 1880s and 1890s
100,000 volunteered to go overseas, 20,000 went

18. 4 Men, 3 Eras, 2 Transitions 1st Era 1792-1910 2nd Era 1865-1980
Denominational agencies
European dominance
Geographic strategy
2nd Era
“Faith” mission agencies
American dominance
3rd Era 1934-?
“Specialized” mission agencies
Non-Western dominance
Non-geographic strategy based
on People Groups
William Carey
Hudson Taylor
Cameron Townsend
Donald MacGavran
Coastlands
Inland Areas
Unreached Peoples
45 Years SVM Years SFMF
Student Volunteer Movement Student Foreign Mission Fellowship
Ralph Winter, Perspectives

19. Nigeria by Political Boundaries

20. Nigeria by Language Boundaries

21. Beyond Anticolonialism to Globalism
Worldview Shifts: Eras of Change
The Colonial Era: First Encounters with an Other Kind
Traders and Governments
First response: personal and national superiority
“Civilized” vs. “Primitive”
Missions
Equated Christianity with Western culture
Stressed biblically defined needs
Introduced Western medicine, education, worship styles, architecture, and dress
Translated the Bible literally, assuming meaning tied to forms
Generally, saw no need to study local cultures or contextualize their message

22. Beyond Anticolonialism to Globalism
Worldview Shifts: Eras of Change
The Anticolonial Era: Taking the Other Seriously
Missions
The contextualization of theology became a central issue
Growing understanding of cultural impact on communication and translation
Growing emphasis on “felt needs”
Emphasis was on dialogue, not proclamation
Anthropology
Ethnocentrism became taboo and cultural relativism the goal

23. Beyond Anticolonialism to Globalism
Worldview Shifts: Eras of Change
The Global Era: Hard Love
Missions
Requires a reevaluation of mission history
Requires critical contextualization
Requires double translation
Requires incarnational witness
Requires recognition of both felt and real needs