1. 3.3 The Animals Learning Goals:
Describe some of the key features used to classify animals (presence of nervous system, radial symmetry/bilateral symmetry, protostome/deuterostome, vertebrate/invertebrate, number of germ layers, presence of coelom)
Identify the main groups of chordates and describe their distinguish features

2. General Characteristics of Animal
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Typically reproduce sexually
Lack cell wall
Motile during some life stage (i.e. stationary sponges have free-swimming larval stages)
Rapid response to external stimuli
Have two types of tissues only found in animals: nervous tissue (brain, nerves and spinal chord) and muscle tissue

3. The central theme to Kingdom Animalia is that over evolutionary time, animals have increased in complexity. There are different stages leading to complexity:
Level of cellular organization and specialization
Type of symmetry of body plan
Degree of cephalization
Presence, type of body cavity (coelom)
Presence of segmentation
Structure of digestive system

6. Types of Tissues

7. Presence of a Body Cavity
If fluid is present between the body wall and the digestive tract it is referred to as a coelom (body cavity)
This body cavity is lined with the mesoderm, which produces compartments in the body (meaning nutrients and oxygen don’t diffuse into all body cells)

8. Advantages of a Coelom Acts as a cushion for internal organs
Provides more room for internal organs to expand
Allows animal to become larger
Allows digestive tract to develop specialized regions and formation of blood vessels

9. An Animal’s Body Plan Type: Asymmetrical Lack symmetry Type: Spherical
Can be divided by equal halves by a plane passing in any direction through a central point.

10. An Animal’s Body Plan Type: Radical
Can be divided into equal halves by a plane passing through the central axis in any direction
Type: Bilateral
Can be divided into equal halves only along a single plane
Organisms with bilateral symmetry exhibit cephalization

11. Cephalization
Concentration of sensory organs and nerve cells at the anterior end
Act as a control centre
Allows organism to respond to stimuli quickly
Evolutionary favoured

12. Animal Diversity
Porifera (sponges)
cnidaria

13. Animal Diversity Platyhelminthes (flat worm) Nematoda (round worms)
Annelida (segmented)

14. Animal Diversity
mollusca
echinodermata

15. Animal Diversity
crustaceans
arachnida
insecta
Diploda / chilopoda

16. Animal Diversity Tunicates + lancelets Jawless fish Cartilage fish
Bony fish
Amphibians
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

17. The Worms

18. The Worms

19. The Worms

21. The Worms

22. The Worms

23. The Worms

24. The Worms

25. The Worms

26. The Worms

27. Homework
Review for Unit 1 Test (Monday Jan. 23, 2017)