1. Madagascar
Stream 6 : Enhancing diversity and quality of governance
Madagascar from Durban to Sydney
How the Island Nation tripled the surface of its Protected Areas
Friday 14th november :30 PM

2. From Durban to Sydney : Main steps
2003
Durban Vision
SAPM
creation
Madagascar
Legal
framework
Institutional
framework
Tools
elaboration
2014
PA cover tripled

3. From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (1/3)
Protected Areas coverage tripled (area)
pre/post Durban
Madagascar National Parks
New Protected Areas (NPA)
Madagacar all PA
terrestrial PAs coverage
3,1 %
10,7%
2003
1,7 Mha -
0,8 Mha
4,4 Mha
5.2 Mha*
Madagascar
2014
2,5 Mha
4,4 Mha
6,9 Mha*
* ca. 4 Mha are under temporary protection status
final PA status will be gazeeted before May 2015 (SAPM)
PAs management operational structures settled
Governance schemes identified and under development
Management structures and collaborative co-management effective for Madagascar National Parks PAs
PAs promoters identified and operational for NPAs

4. From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (1/3)
Protected Areas coverage tripled (maps)
2003
2014
Madagascar

5. From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (2/3)
Marine Protected Areas coverage improved (number - area)
pre/post Durban
Madagascar National Parks
New Protected Areas (NPA)
Madagacar
all PA
2003
2 - 12'000 ha -
'000 ha
'000 ha
'000 ha
2014
'000 ha
'000 ha
'000 ha
Madagascar
International recognition of Madagascar PAs value
pre/post Durban
Madagascar National Parks
New Protected Areas
World Heritage
Biosphere Reserves
Ramsar
2003 1 2 6 1 - 5
2014 7 2 1

6. From Durban to Sydney : Achievements (3/3)
Reduction of major threats
Forest loss rate
Madagascar National Parks
New Protected Areas (NPAs)
National
2003
0,36 % -
2013
0,2 % -
Madagascar
2003
2014
Management Effectiveness Index rising
PA METT index
2003
Madagascar National Parks 45
New Protected Areas (NPAs) -
2005
2007
2009
2011
60,7
66,9 71
74,8 -
42.4
2013 75
50.2

7. From Durban to Sydney : Governance evolution
Madagascar

8. Madagascar Biodiversity Fund
From Durban to Sydney : Sustainable financing
Different funding mechanisms implemented
Funding mechanisms
Tourism
FAPBM
Madagascar Biodiversity Fund
REDD
PA managers
pre/post Durban
Entrance fees
Concessions
Madagascar National Parks
2003
9 PAs
194'000 US$ -
2014
15 PAs
1'370'000 US$
6 PAs under devlpmt
26 PAs
under devlpmt
New Protected Areas (NPAs)
1 PA
12 PAs
10 PAs
5 PAs
Madagascar
2014
15 PAs
1'370'000 US$
6 PAs under devlpmt
26 PAs
under devlpmt
2003 -
1 PA
2014
12 PAs
1 PA
10 PAs
5 PAs
Other complementary mechanisms are also currently implemented by numerous PA managers in order to alleviate proverty around PAs leading to threats reduction thus implying costs reduction : algae cultivation, organic spices, community-based tourism, civil-private tourism ventures, community-private reforestation joint ventures,...

9. From Durban to Sydney : Main barriers
Encountered issues during Durban implementation
Clear roadmap (x3) but weak coordination means (SAPM)
Uncomplete legal framework (new categories management)
Approaches discordances amongst stakeholders/managers
Lack of experienced managers for all PA and PA categories
Laws incoherence amongst sectors (land, extractive, forests)
Low interactions between concerned sectors
On-going decentralization process (authority confusion)
Madagascar
Risky co-management strategy regarding country situation : low state governance, associations capacity, leadership
Insufficient funds for strategy implementation in such context
Global economic crisis (lower funds invested, lower interests)
National crisis (security, tourism, law enforcement, donors)
Weak state governance -> Civil disobedience
Weak law enforcement -> increase in poaching (tortoises, lemurs, corals), logging (rosewood affair) and deforestation

10. From Durban to Sydney : Implemented levers
Durban Vision
SAPM creation
Legal framework:
- 6 IUCN PA categories recognized
- PA law (COAP)
- Decree on funds
- Inter-ministerial Decrees -
Institutional framework:
- Environmental Plan
- EIA facilitation for PA creation
- Land tenure adapted framework
- Inter-ministerial comittees
- PA orientation committees
Madagascar
Tools elaboration :
- PAs gap analysis (marxan,zonation)
- Co-management options shared
- Management indicators developped
Sustainable financing:
- Madagascar Biodiversity
Fund (FAPBM)
- PA entrance fees -
Management efficiency:
- PA METT harmonization
- SAPM monitoring
- Threats monitoring system
PA coverage
tripled

11. From Durban to Sydney : Future challenges
Main challenges for the future
Stop illegal biodiversity trade (rosewood etc...)
State strategy : Extractive industries
State governance : law enforcement
Sectorial legislation harmonization
Madagascar
Delegation arrangements for NPAs
PA management performance monitoring by SAPM
PA managers capacity-building (professional training)
Decentralization and co-management (Dina)
Sustainable funding
Poverty alleviation around PA
Climate change risk and adaptation strategies

12. Madagascar Presented by A. Mamy RAKOTOARIJAONA
Madagascar National Parks
Operations Director

13. Madagascar
Misaotra
Thank you
Merci
Gracias