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The Islamic World
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The Islamic World How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?
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The Islamic World The Arabian Peninsula Desert Home of the Arabs
No centralized authority Pastoral nomads Loyal to tribes
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The Islamic World Religion in Arabia before Islam Polytheistic Jinn
Monotheism Al-Uzza, Al-Lat, Manat
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The Islamic World
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The Islamic World Mecca Commercial center Ka’ba Controlled by Quraysh
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The Islamic World Muhammad (570-632) Involved in Meccan caravan trade
Pious Night of Power (ca. 610) Prophet of Islam Muhammad visited by Gabriel
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The Islamic World Muslim Era Begins Converts UMMAH
Overall response to Prophet was negative Invited to Medina The Hijra (622)
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The Islamic World In Medina Muhammad became statesman City converted
Unbelieving Jews expelled Raids on Meccan caravans launched Muhammad addressing believers in Medina
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The Islamic World The Return to Mecca (630) Muslims marched on Mecca
City surrendered Muhammad cleansed Ka’ba March on Mecca
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The Islamic World Questions?
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The Islamic World The Quran Muhammad’s revelations
Significant teachings Absolute monotheism Jesus: “apostle” “People of the Book” Judgment Paradise, Hell
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The Islamic World The Five Pillars
“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet” Prayer Ramadan Alms levy Pilgrimage
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The Islamic World Talbiyah
“Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayk. La shareeka laka. Labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-n'imata laka wal-mulk. La shareeka lak.” "Here I am at Thy service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Thy service and Thou hast no partners. Thine alone is All Praise and All Bounty, and Thine alone is The Sovereignty. Thou hast no partners."
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The Islamic World Hajj ritual of stoning Satan, at Mina
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The Islamic World Questions?
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The Islamic World Islamic Conquests ( )
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The Islamic World The Caliphate Muhammad died 632 CALIPHS
Prophet’s successors First were early converts, from his inner circle (Rashidun) Office: political, religious
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The Islamic World
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The Islamic World Division within the Ummah
The fate of Ali (r ) Muhammad’s cousin, husband of Fatima Muhammad intended him to be successor? Civil war between Ali and Mu’awiyah Ali’s assassination Aftermath: Sunni vs. Shi’ah
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The Islamic World
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The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Shari’ah Sacred law of ummah
Purpose: regulate all activities Multiple sources Qadis Individuals before a qadi
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The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Non-Muslims’ Status
“People of the Book” Dhimmis: tolerated, not forced to convert Monotheist leaders relied on to manage their communities’ affairs Faced discrimination (jizyah, etc.)
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The Islamic World Questions?
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The Islamic World The Great Civilization Sophisticated, advanced
Access to classical learning Books, libraries Contributed to science and math
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The Islamic World Quran page with beginning of surah 18 (9th, early 10th cent.)
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The Islamic World Dome of the Rock (687-692) Mosque
Tribute to Islam’s triumph in Jerusalem Erected on sacred site Domed octagon
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The Islamic World Dome of the Rock, interior
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The Islamic World The Minaret Towers for muzzein
Malwiya minaret ( ) At Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq Spiral ramp
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The Islamic World Questions?
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The Rise of Islam How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?
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