1. Exam 5 Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Mitosis Meiosis Genetics Picture
Chromosomes
Picture
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Final Jeopardy

2. 1 - $100 What is the product of mitosis?
Produces two genetically identical daughter cells
The TRILLIONS of cells that make up the body of an individual human were produced by mitosis (EXCEPT the gametes) followed by cytokinesis

3. 1 - $200 What are the 4 steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle (in order)?
G1, S, G2, M

4. 1 - $300
Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? What happens in this phase?
Metaphase. Chromosomes has completed migration to middle of cell and line up on metaphase plate

5. 1 - $400
Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? What happens in this phase?
Anaphase. Sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes and are pulled apart.

6. 1 - $500 What is cancer the result of?
All cancers are the result of the failure to properly regulate the cell cycle and mitosis
Often due to mutation in a gene that helps regulate the cell cycle – which is why things can can cause mutations (UV rad, chemicals, etc.) can cause cancer.

7. 2 - $100
In Meiosis, the parent cell is (1N or 2N), the daughter cells after the first division are (1N or 2N) and the daughter cells after the second division are (1N or 2N) 2N
1N – goes now to haploid because homologous chromosomes are separating
1N – still 1N because sister chromatids separating doesn’t result in reductive division

8. 2 - $200 Define Synapsis Define Chiasma
Where do you find these things? Mitosis? Meiosis? Both?
Synapsis – pairing of homologous chromosomes
Chiasma – sites where crossing over occurs
Only in Meiosis

9. 2 - $300 What is the product of Meiosis?
Produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells

10. 2 - $400 Which phase of Meiosis is shown in the photo below?
Late Prophase
You should know this because the nuclear envelope is gone and because this is the phase where the chiasma is formed and crossing over occurs

11. 2 - $500 Which phase of Meiosis is shown in the photo below?
Anaphase II
Sister chromatids separating
2 cells are there so the 1st cell division has already occurred

12. 3 - $100 Define: Trait Gene Allele Locus
Trait – specific observable feature of an organism
Gene – a hereditary factor that influences a particular trait
Allele – particular form of a gene
Locus – the position (location) of a gene a chromosome

13. 3 - $200 What’s the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype – the alleles an individual has
Phenotype – the physical traits of an organism

14. 3 - $300 Which progeny are homozygous and which are heterozygous?
RR and rr are homozygous (2 of same alleles at particular locus on homologous chromosome)
Rr is heterozygous (two diff alleles at particular locus on homologous chromosome)

15. 3 - $400 You are given a pea plant that is tall with axial
flowers. You wish to determine if
this plant is a homozygote or
heterozygote. What is the
phenotype of the pea plant that
you will have to cross this unknown
with in order to discover its
genotype?
Short and terminal

16. 3 - $500 What is incomplete dominance? Give an example
Daughter has an intermediate phenotype for a certain trait
Ex: red flower + white flower = pink flower

17. 4 - $100
T or F - Each living organism has way more chromosomes than genes
FALSE
There are way more genes in a cell than number of chromosomes
Humans have 23,000 genes and 23 pairs of chromosomes
So, on average, about 1000 genes on each human chromosome

18. 4 - $200
Which gene is most likely to cross over with body color? A

19. 4 - $300 Which gene is least likely to cross over with body color? C
They are close together and said to be “tightly linked”
Conclusion: crossing over is more likely between genes that are further apart on chromosomes

20. 4 - $400 What is independent assortment? What is segregation?
Independent assortment – pairs of homologous chromosomes line up randomly at metaphase I of meiosis
Segregation – pairs of homologous chromosomes (potentially carrying different alleles at any particular locus) separate at anaphase I of meiosis

21. 4 - $500
In a particular cnidarian species, the traits long nematocyst (L) and toxin present (T) are dominant to the traits short nematocyst (l) and toxin absent (t). an individual that is heterozygous for long nematocysts and toxin present is crossed with an individual that has short nematocysts and no toxin. The results are shown below
Long nematocyst, toxin present: 542
Short nematocyst, toxin absent: 536
Long nematocyst, toxin absent: 0
Short nematocyst, toxin present: 0
These loci are…
a. On separate chromosomes
b. On the same chromosome, but are far apart
c. On the same chromosome and are somewhat close together
d. On the same chromosome right next to each other
D is the correct answer. Because we observe only the parental phenotypes (long nematocyst/toxin present and short nematocyst/toxin absent) in the progeny, these genes are tightly linked (“dependently assorted”)
I.e. they are very close together on the same chromosome
Ratio is 1:1:0:0 so they are on same chromosome, and they are not over crossing over therefore they are close to each other on the chromosome

22. 5 - $100
What is happening in the photo below? Where does this happen? Which cell cycle?
Crossing over happens in Late Prophase of Meiosis

23. 5 - $200 What is happening in the picture below?
The chromosomes just went through S phase and have been replicated!

24. 5 - $300 Which phase of Mitosis is shown in the photo below? Telophase
You know this because nuclear envolope is reforming around chromosomes

25. 5 - $400 Which phase of Meiosis? What happens here? Prophase
Spindle apparatus begins to form, chromosomes condense

26. 5 - $500 Which phase of Meiosis?
Cell cycle is complete – Cytokinesis just occurred (which is splitting of the cytoplasm)

27. Final Jeopardy
Chromosomes with new allele combinations, due to crossing over, are called what?
Recombinant chromosomes