1. Introducing POETRY
English 10
Mrs. Weidner

2. Terms Simile/Metaphor Prose/Verse repetition alliteration consonance
assonance
motif
sensory details
juxtaposition
oxymoron
paradox
euphemism
Parallel Structure
Hyperbole
Personification  
Sensory Language
Denotative / connotative

3. Motif
Motif
While a symbol might occur once in literature to signify one idea or emotion, a motif can be an element or idea that repeats throughout that piece of literature.
A motif could be expressed by a collection of related symbols. For example, the motif of fragmentation (of a family, for instance) could come from several symbols that appear in a book:
Sometimes a motif can be a contrast, like "light and dark." A series of symbols that could represent this motif might be:
Moon shadows (shades of darkness)
A candle (a light in the darkness)
Storm clouds (temporary darkness)
A ray of sunshine (emerging from darkness)
A tunnel (through the darkness)

4. Repetition
Repetition - - something made by or resulting from repeating.-Think about words, sounds, ideas, images, etc.

5. Parallel Structure Parallel Sentence Structures
Parallelism in sentences refers to matching grammatical structures. Parallelism is used as a rhetorical and stylistic device in literature, speeches, advertising, and popular songs. ex: 1) I sighed as a lover, I obeyed as a son— 2) Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body 3) Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country—John F. Kennedy
Parallelism can make a sentence memorable.

6. Tim Mcgraw – Diamond Rings And Old Barstools Lyrics
One's for queens and one's for fools
One's the future and one's the past
One's forever and one won't last
It ain't like midnight and cigarette smoke
It ain't like watered down whiskey and coke
I guess some things just don't mix like you hoped
Like me and you
And diamond rings and old barstools

7. Parallel structure in a series
When your sentence includes a series, make sure you have not used different grammatical structures for the items.
He described skiing in the Alps, swimming in the Adriatic, and driving across the Sahara Desert. (parallel) Which examples are parallel: 1) He liked their courage, stamina, and style.
2) He liked their courage, their stamina, and their style.
3) He liked their courage, stamina, and their style.

8. AVOID!!!!!
Faulty parallelism A failure to create grammatically parallel structures when they are appropriate is referred to as faulty parallelism. ex: 1) What counts isn't how you look but your behavior. fix: 2) The president promised to reform health care, preserve social security, and a balanced budget. fix:

9. Prose vs. Verse
Prose: Spoken or written words which do not follow a specific metrical pattern. Written words appear in sentence or paragraph form.
Verse: Poetry
Free verse: poem with no rhyme or rhythmic pattern.

10. Simile vs. Metaphor Metaphor: Simile:
A comparison of two unlike things using “as” or “like”
Example:
He is hair y like an ape.
She is as graceful as a swan.
Metaphor:
A comparison of two unlike things, without using as or like.
Example:
When he eats, he is a pig.
She has a heart of gold.

11. Onomatopoeia
The use of a word whose sound imitates, suggests, and reinforces its meaning. Example: I couldn’t hear you mumble because the wind cracked the branches off the tree and then smashed against the window

12. Meeting at Night, by Robert Browning
The grey sea and the long black land;
And the yellow half-moon large and low;
And the startled little waves that leap
In fiery ringlets from their sleep,
As I gain the cove with pushing prow,
And quench its speed i' the slushy sand.
Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;
Three fields to cross till a farm appears;
A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch
And blue spurt of a lighted match,
And a voice less loud, thro' its joys and fears,
Than the two hearts beating each to each!

13. Personification Personification:
A figure of speech attributing human qualities to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract ideas (giving something non-human a human characteristic)
Example:
Opportunity came knocking at their doors.

14. Hyperbole
Hyperbole:
An extreme exaggeration that is used to increase the effect.
Example:
That guy is totally insane!
I have told you the answer a million times!

15. Alliteration Alliteration:
The repetition of the same consonant or vowel sound at the start of words.
Example: Mike’s microphone made music. Live, laugh., love.

16. Constance and Assonance
Repetition of internal sounds of words close together in poetry..
Consonance: Repetition of internal or ending consonant sounds of words close together in poetry. Example: I dropped the locket in the thick mud. C=CONSONANT
Assonance: Repetition of internal or ending vowel sounds of words close together. A=VOWEL (A,E,I,O,U)
Example: I made my way to the lake

17. -What literary devices can you find?
Luke Bryan Song-My kind of Night: My kind or your kind is this kind of night-
We dance in the dark and your lips land on mine
Floatin’ down the Flint River, catch us up a little catfish dinner
HO HEY LUMINEERS---Find the devices

18. Poetry terms that have to do with SOUND
Cacophony:
Euphony:
The use of harsh, discordant sounds for poetic effect. This term is usually applied to the entire poem.
The use of smooth, pleasant sounds for poetic
effect. Again, usually applied to the entire poem.
SONG

19. Poetic Devices for UNLIKELY COMPARISONS
Oxymoron:
Words or phrase that combine contradicting or opposite ideas.
Example:
Jumbo Shrimp
Walking Dead
Dodge Ram
Paradox:
An apparently contradicting statement with one element of truth in it.
Example:
- I am a compulsive liar.
- He is nobody.
You can save money by spending it.
Freedom is slavery

20. Imagery SENSORY DETAILS
Figurative language using the five senses to create metaphors, similes, personification, or vivid descriptions in order to produce mental pictures
Example: The leaves fluttered and danced beneath the trees. He fumed and charged like an angry bull.

21. Euphemism
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

22. Juxtaposition Testers Devil and God Leaves and Forrest Love and Desire
 Examples of Juxtaposition in Romeo and Juliet:
youth and old age;
Testers
servants and nobles;
Devil and God
love-sick Romeo and fiery Tybalt;
Leaves and Forrest
the noisy public feast and the private whispers of the lovers;
Love and Desire
Summer and Winter
Romeo's infatuation and Juliet's wit;
Strong and Weak
Bright and Light
The old nurse and young Juliet

23. Symbolism Symbolism: Something represents something else.
It can be a material object, someone’s actions, or a particular situation that represent something else.
Example:
In the movie Star Wars, a red lightsaber symbolizes evil, while a blue or green lightsaber symbolizes good.
A chain can symbolize two things coming together.

24. Refrain
Refrain:
Lines of poetry that are repeated at regular intervals within the poem.
Example:
The verses of a song are different, but the chorus is an example of a refrain.

25. Allusion
Allusion:
An indirect reference to a well-known person, place, thing, or event from history, literature, mythology, or the Bible.
Example: And as though the master of the trident had heard every word, the sea began to twist and turn with fury.

26. Pun Pun: A play on words which has 3 possible forms:
- A word with 2 different meanings.
- Similarity of meaning in 2 words that are homonyms.
- 2 words pronounced and spelled similarly but have different meanings.

27. Denotation and Connotation
The literal or dictionary meaning of a word.
Connotation:
The implied meaning of a word, based on emotional associations with it.
Example:
Pretty girl, pretty boy.

28. Parody
Parody:
Any work which humorously ridicules a particular style or literary composition through imitation, purely for entertainment.

29. Stanza Stanza: The main types of stanzas are:
Group of lines separated by a line space for four possible reasons:
1) Different ideas
2) Rhyme
3) Rhythm
4) Emphasis
The main types of stanzas are:
1) Rhyming couplet: 2 lines which end in rhyme.
2) Tercet: 3 line stanza
3) Quatrain: 4 line stanza
4) Cinquain: 5 line stanza
5) Sestet: 6 line stanza
6) Octave: 8 line stanza

30. Poetic Terms that have to do with RHYME
Similar sounds in words positioned closely together.
There are several types of rhyme, including:
a) Internal Rhyme: the rhyme occurs within a single line
Example: It was odd that Todd was late.
b) End Rhyme: the rhyme occurs at the end of two or more lines. This is the most common form of rhyme.
Example: Poetry is so cool
to not like it makes you a fool!

31. Rhyme Scheme Consider the following limerick: Rhyme Scheme:
An alphabetical labelling system used to describe rhyming pattern in a poem.
Consider the following limerick:
“An infatuated man from Dover, was left by his imaginary lover. He pulled his hair, in sheer despair, forgetting a wig was his cover.” The rhyme scheme for this poem is AABBA.

32. Tone and Mood Mood: Tone:
The feeling the reader gets from reading the work.
Tone:
The writer’s attitude towards the subject and the audience.
The tone does not equal the mood.
Sometimes it is difficult to determine these. The reader needs to study the storyteller’s voice and intent.