1. Event Planning We have looked at the vision.
Now let’s look at hazards and defences
The vision
The vision
Hazards and defences
Hazards and defences
Building teams
Slide 1

2. Hazards & Defences Question: Can we reduce all risk to zero?
Question: Who determines the appropriate level of risk?
Public opinion
Answer 1:
Industry standard
Answer 2:
Answer 3:
Your organization
Answer 4:
You
Slide 2

3. Hazards & Defences Question: How can we measure risk? Answer 1:
Size = Probability x Consequence
So:
High Probability x Low Consequence
(may) =
Low Probability x High Consequence
Answer 2:
Accident and incident reports
An incident: an unexpected situation that could have caused harm (a near-miss).
An accident: an unexpected situation that did cause harm.
Slide 3

4. Some important concepts
Hazards & Defences
Some important concepts
Question: What is a hazard?
Answer:
Anything that can create a negative consequence.
Question: What is vulnerability?
Answer:
The extent to which a hazard can impact your group.
Question: What is a defence?
Answer:
Anything that can reduce the impact of a hazard.
Question: What is resilience?
Answer:
The extent to which you can resist negative consequences.
Slide 4

5. Let’s look at each strategy in more details
Hazards & Defences
Question : What are the 2 main strategies we can use to reduce risk?
Answer 1:
Answer 2:
Limit complexity
Build a resilient group
Let’s look at each strategy in more details
Slide 5

6. Limit Complexity Risk Factor Class 1
Distance to additional resources at road or lodge
No more than 3 hrs.
Multiple days, but no more than 8 hrs.
No Limit.
Fall Exposure
Easily managed or avoidable.
Fall hazard exists but manageable with moderate consequence.
Short sections with unavoidable & serious consequence, but can be managed without a rope.
Technical Difficulty
Smooth & Easy. Sections of unstable footing are short & isolated.
Talus and loose footing, some rough sections, trails may be poorly maintained.
Use of hands may be required. May be sustained sections of unstable footing.
Fresh Water
Mid-calf for slow moving and ankle deep for fast moving with no downstream hazards.
Hip for slow moving and knee for fast moving with no downstream hazards.
Waist deep for slow moving and crotch deep for fast moving.
Tidal Water
Gently sloping and non-slippery intertidal zone. No rogue waves.
Surge Channels and tidal entrapment easily avoided. Moderate wave hazard may exist. Moderately sloping. Some slipping hazard.
Surge channels, tidal entrapment and wave hazards may be present. Steeply sloping, rocky, and slippery intertidal zone.
Weather Exposure
Generally sheltered, or easy retreat to sheltered area.
May be exposed but can retreat to sheltered area within 45 minutes.
Exposed areas with difficult or no retreat.
Navigation
On trails, or untracked with natural boundaries and/or hand rails, may require simple map.
Simple route choices. May require a map, compass and/or GPS
Complicated navigation, difficult route finding with minimal landmarks, requires map and compass and/or GPS
Limit Complexity
Slide 6

7. This course certifies you to lead in Class 1 hiking terrain only
Hazards & Defences
Remember:
This course certifies you to lead in Class 1 hiking terrain only
Unless:
You possess additional training and experience that has been validated as sufficient by other respected outdoor leaders.
Slide 7

8. Build a resilient group
Hazards & Defences
Build a resilient group
Question: How do we build resiliency?
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Identify hazards
e.g.: environmental, wildlife, people.
Assess our vulnerability
e.g.: Probability x Consequence
Identify defences
e.g.: Equipment, group management, situational awareness, training, planning, gathering information, transfer of risk.
Slide 8

9. Hazards & Defences Event plan (risk management)
It is now time to address hazards and defences in your
event plan.
Identify hazards
Estimate probability and consequence for each hazard
Use: low, medium, or high.
Identify defences for each hazards.
Slide 9