1. Chapter 11.3 Kingdoms and Trading States of East Africa
What influence did religion and trade have on the development of East Africa?

2. Objective
To learn about Ethiopia and Zimbabwe.

4. Focus Q: Dec. 14
Why was salt such a valuable commodity in Africa? Why did Ghana become great? Name 3 main rivers in Africa that are on your map test.

5. Kingdom of Axum: Center of Goods and Ideas
Today: Ethiopia and Eritrea
2 main cities: Adulis, Axum
By 400 A.D. command a trade triangle btwn Africa, India, Mediterranean world
Variety of goods and slaves are traded

7. Kingdom of Axum [ ]

8. Kingdom of Axum From interior Africa: gold, ivory, animal hides
At Adulis: iron, spices, precious stones, cotton cloth
Ships carry goods to Red Sea, Mediterranean, Indian Ocean

9. Axum

10. Axum Converts to Christianity
With trade, ideas spread w/ goods
300 A.D.—Christianity arrives
King Ezana makes it official religion of Axum
Good for trade w/ N. Africa and Med. world, at first
Islam takes over much of Africa—Axum lose many trading partners
Civil war, econ. decline weaken Axum

11. Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb, Aksum (4c)

12. What influence did religion and trade have on the development of East Africa?
Religion: Christianity eventually leads to their economic decline
Trade: cities grow, brings wealth, knowledge, Islam

13. Ethiopia: An Isolated Christian Outpost
Descendants of Axum
Church services in Geez: language is a combo of African, Middle Eastern, Jewish traditions
Geographically isolated by mountains
Culturally isolated by their Christianity

15. Ethiopia: An Isolated Christian Outpost
Christianity give them a unique, unifying sense of identity (kind of like Jews?)
Develop a distinct culture from neighboring countries
3. Example of distinct culture:
***King Lalibela’s churches (11) churches carved from ground level DOWN into solid rock***

16. Christian Church, Lalibela [Ethiopia]

17. Christian Church
Ethiopia

20. House of the Savior
of the World
Largest: over 100 ft.
long by 80 by 35 ft.

21. House of Mary

22. How did the geographic isolation of medieval Ethiopia shape its culture?
remained independent
Develop unique sense of identity based on their religion

23. Swahili (Tanzania today)
Strong monsoon winds carry ships btwn Africa and India—much trade—Persia, Arabia, China
From Africa: ivory, leopard skins, iron, copper, gold, slaves
From India, SE Asia, China: cotton cloth, silk, spices, porcelain, glassware, swords
***Trade leads to new culture, language—swahili—Arabic for “of the coast”***

24. Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa
SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

25. African Trade Routes

26. Jokes…..
I‘ve decided to run a marathon for charity. I didn’t want to do it at first, but apparently it’s for blind and disabled kids so I think I’ve got a good chance of winning.
A wife is like a hand grenade. Take off the ring and say good bye to your house.
Why don‘t cannibals eat divorced women?
Because they’re bitter.

27. Great Zimbabwe (stone houses)
1. Great Zimbabwe built by a succession of peoples btwn who brought:
Iron, mining methods, improved farming skills
Later they built huge walls and palaces
Impressive ruins remain from a prosperous and powerful inland empire

29. Great Zimbabwe Reached their peak about 1300 mined nearby gold
***created profitable commercial (trading) links w/ coastal cities***
***Archeologists have found beads and porcelain suggesting trading links w/ India and China***
Artisans made cotton cloth, jewelry

30. Great Enclosure, Zimbabwe

31. Great Zimbabwe Street

32. “Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”
Great Zimbabwe [ ]
“Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”

34. Great Zimbabwe 1. Little known about their govt
***By 1500 GZ was in decline b/c of:
Overpopulation***
Probably civil war and declining trade too

35. 11.3 Left Side
Make a simile and draw a picture with at least two objects in it for:
Ethiopia
Great Zimbabwe
Simile format: Ethiopia is like _____ because _______. Great Zimbabwe is like ____ b/c ______.