1. Chapter Two
Population

2. AIM: How does the environment affect the location of population clusters?
Do Now: Please complete the population debriefing questions from yesterday’s activity. Map quiz at the end of class!
Learning Objectives
Demonstrate knowledge of world regions by completing a summative assessment
Identify the 4 largest population clusters
Evaluate how the environment affects where populations cluster

3. Distribution of World Population
Population concentrations
The four largest population clusters
Other population clusters
Sparsely populated regions
Dry lands – Cold lands
Wet lands – High lands
Population density
Arithmetic density
Physiological density
Agricultural density

4. World Population Cartogram
Fig. 2-1: This cartogram displays countries by the size of their population rather than their land area. (Only countries with 50 million or more people are named.)

5. World Population Density

6. Climate Zones (simplified)

7. World Population Distribution & Climate Zones
Fig. 2-2: World population is unevenly distributed across the earth’s surface. Climate is one factor that affects population density.

8. EAST ASIA
~1/4 World’s Population
Borders the Pacific
China, Japan, N&S Korea, Taiwan
China: 5/6th of the cluster’s population
Interior is sparsely populated; dense populations near the coast/fertile valleys
More than ½ of people are rural farmers
Japan and South Korea
40% live in 3 large metro areas: Tokyo, Osaka, and Seoul
Less than 3% of land in those countries
3/4ths of pop live in urban areas and work in industrial/service fields

9. SOUTH ASIA
~1/4 world’s population
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
India: ¾ of South Asia’s population
Centered on Indus/Ganges rivers and the coastlines in India
Rural farming majority; only ¼ of the population lives in urban areas

10. EUROPE
~1/9th of the world’s population
Western + Eastern Europe, including part of Russia
Most clustered areas: near coalfields in England, Belgium, and Germany
¾ population in urban areas; less than 10% are farmers
Advanced public transportation and infrastructure
Does not provide enough food for themselves
Incentive to explore/colonize?

11. SOUTH EAST ASIA
~8.5%
Indochina (Thailand, Laos, etc) and islands in the Indian/Pacific such as Indonesia & the Philippines
Java (Indonesia) highest concentration
Islands are the most populated
High percentage of rural farmers

12. Other Population Clusters
NE US to SE Canada: 2%
Urban; Less than 2% farmers
West Africa: 2%
½ in Nigeria alone
Mostly agriculture; growing urban areas

13. AIM: How does density relate to sustainability?
Do Now: 2/3rds of the world’s pop lives in 4 clusters. What are those 4 clusters? Why do people live there (what do they have in common)?
Learning Objectives: The Students Will
Evaluate why locations might have a sparse population
Describe changes in the ecumene
Analyze how different measures of density indicate the level of resources a country has

14. Similarities among regions:
2/3 of the World’s population is clustered in 4 regions: East Asia, South Asia, SE Asia, and Europe
Similarities among regions:
Low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperate climate (exception PARTS of SE Asia)
Near ocean/river with easy access to ocean
2/3 of the world’s population lives within 300 miles of an ocean

15. What is the ecumene? How has it changed over time?

16. Expansion of the Ecumene 5000 BC - AD 1900
Fig. 2-3: The ecumene, or the portion of the earth with permanent human settlement, has expanded to cover most of the world’s land area.

17. Ecumene, 5000 B.C.

18. Ecumene, A.D. 1

19. Ecumene, A.D.1500

20. Ecumene, A.D.1900

21. Where are populations sparse and why?

22. Too Hot/Too Dry 20% of the world is too dry for farming
Q: Desert Adaptions?
A: Camels, irrigation systems, long clothing
Sahara Desert
Australia’s interior

23. Too Wet Primarily near the Equator between 20 degrees N and S latitude
Interiors of SA, Central Africa, SE Asia
Nutrient depletion
Can farm if wet weather is seasonal

24. Too Cold
North and South Poles
Precipitation freezes into ice

25. Too Hilly/Too High Steep & snow covered Ex: Switzerland
½ of their land is more than 1,000 meters above sea level, yet only 5% of the population lives there

26. Exception If the nearby lower level elevations are too hot/too wet
Going up will create a cooler/drier environment more suitable for agriculture
Ex: Mexico City- 2,243 meters above sea level

27. What are the 3 types of density? How do they relate to sustainability?

28. Arithmetic population density is the number of people per total land area. The highest densities are found in parts of Asia and Europe.

29. Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area
Physiological density is the number of people per arable land area. This is a good measure of the relation between population and agricultural resources in a society.

30. Agricultural Density
The ratio of farmers divided by arable land- a measure of farming efficiency
Arable land is land that is suitable for farming

31. Measures of Population Density

32. Population Measures

33. World Population Growth 1950 - 2005
Fig. 2-6: Total world population increased from 2.5 to over 6 billion in slightly over 50 years. The natural increase rate peaked in the early 1960s and has declined since, but the number of people added each year did not peak until 1990.

34. The crude birth rate (CBR) is the total number of births in a country per 1000 population per year. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest rates are in Africa and several Asian countries.

35. The crude death rate (CDR) is the total number of deaths in a country per 1000 population per year. Because wealthy countries are in a late stage of the Demographic Transition, they often have a higher CDR than poorer countries.

36. The natural increase rate (NIR) is the percentage growth or decline in the population of a country per year (not including net migration). Countries in Africa and Southwest Asia have the highest current rates, while Russia and some European countries have negative rates.

37. The J Curve Doubling Time:
The number of years needed to double a population if it maintains its current NIR

38. Quality of Life Measures
Access to Improved Sanitation: Percentage of population with access to improved sanitation facilities that hygienically separate sewage from human contact.
Nurses and Midwives: The total number of people for every one nurse or midwife by region.

39. Literacy Rate: the ability of individual to read and write a simple short statement

40. The Total fertility rate (TFR) is the number of children an average woman in a society will have through her childbearing years. The lowest rates are in Europe, and the highest are in Africa and parts of the Middle East.

41. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births per year. The highest infant mortality rates are found in some of the poorest countries of Africa and Asia.

42. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live. The highest life expectancies are generally in the wealthiest countries, and the lowest in the poorest countries.