1. Research on Asphalt Emulsion Test technology
Key Laboratory of Expressway Maintenance Technology Ministry of Transport, PRC
Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Material and Structure
Shandong Traffic Construction Engineering Testing Center
Research on Asphalt Emulsion Test technology
Ladies and gentlemen, my name is Fan Liang and I am very glad to meet you in Boston!
Fan Liang

2. Shandong Transportation Institute
Pavement material
Pavement structure optimization
Bridge structure and maintenance
Traffic standard measurement
Traffic environment and safety
Urban communication
Traffic information
I come from Shandong Transportation Institute. It is located in Jinan, capital city of Shandong Province and known as Spring City, the water spring. At present, there are over 200 employees in the company. Our main business covers road engineering, bridge engineering, traffic measurement and calibration, traffic environment and Safety, urban transport and many other fields.
Key Laboratory of Expressway Maintenance Technology Ministry of Transport, PRC
Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Material and Structure
Shandong Traffic Construction Engineering Testing Center

3. Outline 1、Asphalt emulsion implementation in China
山东省乳化沥青应用情况
2、Some research on asphalt emulsion
我们在乳化沥青方面做的一些研究
Today I am honored to give you a brief introduction of our research on emulsified asphalt.

4. 1、Asphalt emulsion implementation in China
Asphalt emulsion main application fields in 2016
Field
Tack coat
Permeable layer
seal coat
Micro-surfacing
recycling
Ultra thin overlay
others
Use quantity,
10 thousand ton 35 20 28 10 2 5 1
During recent 10 years, asphalt emulsion was applied largely in pavement preservation, and the main emulsion type are cationic and slowing breaking types in China. And in 2016, the total use quantity of asphalt emulsion reached more than 1 million tons.
Asphalt emulsion main application in Shandong ( )

5. 2、Some research on asphalt emulsion
Micro-surfacing
Fog seal
Ultral thin overlay
Cold recycling
As just mentioned by Dr. Wang, the emulsified asphalt standard in China is lagging behind. There is still much room for improvement in the standardization.
The biggest reason is that existing test methods are mostly empirical and lack a correlation with practical performance . some particular technology needs more scientific material evaluation method, especially the cold recycling with asphalt emulsion.

6. 2.1 some critical issues
What method and instrument are used to simulate practical condition?
How to evaluate original asphalt emulsion
How to obtain asphalt residue which can be similar to practical environment.
How to control quality stability in practical application
Through many years of work, we known that asphalt emulsion has some critical issue. With what method and instrument to test, and how to evaluate emulsion properties and how to get a reasonable residue, and in some special application how to control quality with asphalt emulsion.

7. 2.2 What method and instrument are used to simulate practical condition?
Rheology and rheometer
Some rheological test:
Viscosity
Dynamical sweep tests
Time sweep (storage evaluation and breaking time)
Strain and stress sweep ( linear viscoelastic zone and yielding stress )
Frequency sweep
Temperature sweep( temperature stability and breaking property )
Performance grading similar to PG system
For asphalt emulsion and its residue, we will simulate a reasonable condition to test, thus obtain a scientific result. Usually, rheometer is a better instrument and by which storage, linear viscoelastic and yielding zone, and breaking properties can be evaluated, and a similar performance grading system can be built up.

8. Different types of emulsified asphalt have different linear viscoelastic zones, and emulsion for cold recycling seems to be more stress-sensitive. In this picture, the test temperature is 30 ℃, the shear frequency is 1Hz. Sample 1 showed the smallest linear viscoelasticity zone while the other four bitumen maintained good stability at 25 Pa without yielding behavior.
Cationic Emulsions 1# 2# 3# 4# 5#
Properties
冷再生
Slow-Breaking and slow-Curing
慢裂快凝
Slow-Breaking and Rapid-Curing
快裂快凝
Rapid-Breaking and Rapid -Curing
Cold recycling
Micro-surfacing
spraying

9. But slow breaking and curing emulsion is different!
Temperature-sweep: 0.1Pa conditions (to meet the five kinds of emulsified asphalt linear viscoelastic zone), 1Hz frequency.
Four emulsified asphalt show phase angle 45° at 37 ℃, 40 ℃, 43 ℃, 44.5 ℃, the two modulus values G ' ' equals G', corresponding to the gel point. It seems that the gel point temperature level, can characterize the speed of asphalt breaking.
But slow breaking and curing emulsion is different!
Cationic Emulsions 1# 2# 3# 4# 5#
Properties
冷再生
Slow-Breaking and slow-Curing
慢裂快凝
Slow-Breaking and Rapid-Curing
快裂快凝
Rapid-Breaking and Rapid -Curing
Cold recycling
Micro-surfacing
spraying

10. 2.3 How to obtain asphalt residue which can be similar to practical environment.
Emulsified asphalt residues are the final binders, which containing bitumen, emulsifiers, stabilizers and so on. Its nature determines the final performance.
Typical method is divided into two types of distillation and evaporation.
We have tried to adopt a principle that, strives to bring the rheological properties of emulsion residues close to that of base asphalt. Good emulsifiers should have minimized influence on asphalt properties.

11. We adopt three methods to obtain residues
Manual stirring method: (163C, 20min)
Natural air-drying method(25C,24h)
Rotary Film Oven (RTFOT) method(85C,75min)
Three base asphalt and three residue recovery methods
We adopt three methods to obtain residues.
According to the slope and correlation coefficient of the fitted straight line, it can be concluded that the artificial stirring method has the best correlation. But we ignored the decompression distillation method.

12. We adopt three methods to obtain residues
Manual stirring method: (163C, 20min)
Natural air-drying method(25C,24h)
Rotary Film Oven (RTFOT) method(85C,75min)
Three base asphalt and three residue recovery methods
Manual stirring method
RTFOT
Natural air-drying method
We adopt three methods to obtain residues.
According to the slope and correlation coefficient of the fitted straight line, it can be concluded that the artificial stirring method has the best correlation. But we ignored the decompression distillation method.

13. 2.4 Rheological property Rutting factor BBR test MSCR Test
We tried to evaluate the performance of emulsified asphalt using PG technology. we should not consider the short-term aging process when formulating our country's relevant standards in the future. And different residues recovery method will bring different low temperature performance.

14. 2.5 How to control quality stability in practical application
Study found that emulsified asphalt is sensitive towards mineral powder in cold recycled mixture and micro-surfacing applications. This sensitivity is more obvious than hot asphalt mortar.
For mineral powders with different particle sizes, although they meet the requirements of the specification, the emulsified asphalt mortars formed by these powders do have significant difference. Through the comparison and correlation between the indicators of mineral powder and the high temperature performance (MSCR \ Jnr), low temperature performance (BBR), we found that emulsified asphalt mortar is more sensitive to factors such as hydrophilic coefficient, density, surface area, 20um pass rate
mineral powders with different particle sizes

15. 2.5 How to control quality stability in practical application
Meanwhile, using an interface characterization parameter --- Interface Cohesion Coefficient B, it can also be seen that the effect of mineral powder on hot asphalt and emulsified asphalt residues is different. This requires that we researchers pay attention to its mortar research while studying emulsified asphalt road performance.
asphalt
Asphalt emulsion

16. 2.6 Our present study about asphalt emulsion
Cold Recycled Asphalt Technology and Related Mechanism Research
Development and Application of Noise Reduction Ultrathin Micro Surfacing
Quick-curing spray emulsified asphalt used as bridge deck waterproof
Study on Emulsified Asphalt in Soil Stability. ……

17. Conclusions
It is important to develop varies specification to adapt different pavement preservation treatment!
Towards to performance related specification!
Above is part of our work. It’s not systematic enough to forming standards but we have started to actively utilize the new experimental technology to carry out this innovative work. This is a worthwhile undertaking!
And I think, It is important to develop varies specification to adapt different pavement preservation treatment! And it is time to build a newer asphalt emulsion evaluation system.

18. Shandong Transportation Institute, Jinan, Chian
Thank you
Fan Liang
Phone:
Shandong Transportation Institute, Jinan, Chian