1. BTY100-Lec#3.1
Cell
Created By:
Dr. Loveleen Kaur

2. Outline Cell Types of Cell Cell as factories Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Introduction to cell structure

4. Few Facts?

7. Understanding body makeup…

8. Are you aware that you started your life as a single cell???
It is interesting to understand how all small machines work together to create an organism.

11. CELL

12. Lets start with Cell
We need to first understand how a cell function in order to understand how tissues work, and then how organs function, and then how our body works.
It's kind of like you can't just start reading a book without first learning how words are put together.

13. Robert Hooke- Discovered cell Leeuwenhoek- Observed cell
Cell is the structural and functional unit of life.
Smallest part of the organism that retains characteristics of the entire organism.
The place where the metabolic processes occur that keep the organism alive.
Cells are sacs of fluid surrounded by membranees. Inside the fluid chemicals and organelles float.
Surface area to volume ratio is crucial: leads to cell division
Mathematical explanation of how surface area changes with change in volume

14. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) Observed bark of oak tree
Saw “row of empty boxes”
Coined the term cell.
Cell refers to the basic structural unit that makes up the all the living things.

15. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : make use of microscope to examine biological specimens.
He gave name “animalcules” to the little animals he saw moving around the pond water.

17. Cell Size

18. Cell Theory Origin of Cells All living things are made of cells
Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life
All cells arise from preexisting cells
Origin of Cells
On the basis of presence of nucleus cells are divided into two groups:
Prokaryotic cells: lack a nuclear envelope
Eukaryotic cells: have a nucleus in which the genetic material is separated from the cytoplasm.

19. Types

20. Things in common Cell membrane Cytoplasm Genetic Material
Energy Currency
Enzymes

21. All cells share certain characteristics.
All cells are enclosed by a membrane.
All cells are filled with cytoplasm.
All cells have DNA.
All cells have ribosomes.
cell membrane
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
cytoplasm

24. ATTENTION!!
Draw this diagram if asked in exam, 3 D structure is not required

25. PROKARYOTES:
First cell type on earth
E.g.: Bacteria
Generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
Nuclear material is not membrane bound
Genomes are less complex
Do not contain any membrane bound organelles.

26. Features shared by all prokaryotic cells:
All have a plasma membrane.
All have a region called the nucleoid where the DNA is concentrated.
The cytoplasm (the plasma-membrane enclosed region) consists of the nucleoid, ribosomes (non- membranous organelles), and a liquid portion called the cytosol.

27. Specialized features of some prokaryotic cells:
A cell wall just outside the plasma membrane.
Some bacteria have an outermost slimy layer made of polysaccharides and referred to as a capsule.
Some bacteria have flagella, locomotory structures.
Some bacteria have pili, threadlike structures that help bacteria adhere to one another during mating or to other cells for food and protection.

28. Eukaryotic Cells Are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Nucleus bound by membrane
Animals, plants, fungi have eukaryotic cell type.
Possess many membrane bound compartments called organelles
Compartmentalization is the key to eukaryotic cell function.
Each organelle has a specific role defined by chemical processes.

29. Representative Animal Cell

30. Representative Plant Cell

31. Structure
Animal cells
Plant cells
cell membrane
Yes
yes
nucleus
nucleolus
ribosomes ER
Golgi
centrioles no
cell wall
mitochondria
cholorplasts
One big vacuole
cytoskeleton

34. Cells are Micro Factories!!!

35. http://www. biologyexams4u. com/2013/03/cell-analogy-cell-as-factory

36. FACTORY PARTS
CELL PARTS
FUNCTIONS
Shipping/Receiving
Department
Plasma membrane
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell;
where cell makes contact with the external
Environment.
Chief Executive Officer
(CEO)
Nucleus
Controls all cell activity; determines what proteins will be made
Factory floor
Cytoplasm
Contains the organelles; site of most cell activity
Assembly line (where
workers do their work)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Where ribosomes do
their work

37. FACTORY PARTS
CELL PARTS
FUNCTIONS
Manufacturing machine
Ribosomes
Build the proteins
Finishing/packaging
department
Golgi apparatus
Prepares proteins for
use or export
Maintenance crew
Lysosomes
Responsible for breaking down and absorbing materials taken in by the cell
Support beams (walls,
ceilings, floors)
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell shape
Power plant
Mitochondria/chloroplasts
Transforms one form of
energy into another

39. Next Class: Cell Organelles